Area-wide cordon pricing defines a restricted area and charges users to enter or exit specified zones such as a downtown central business district or suburban shopping area. Singapore?s pricing scheme, in effect in the city?s CBD since 1975, has reduced inbound peak period trips by 40%. However, afternoon peak congestion has not been reduced significantly, and traffic on bypass roads has increased (Comsis Corporation, 1993b. pp. 5-6). Case/Example: Singapore. Source/Reference: WSDOT, 2000, pp.73-74.