The provision of good transit service is essential for the success of almost any TDM strategy. Transit services can be improved by making it faster and more reliable, adding new routes, adding express routes, extending operating hours and decreasing headways. Comfort and convenience can also make a difference: for example, air conditioning, upholstered seats that recline, systemwide transit passes, and fast/automatic payment methods. In addition, with the development of exclusive busways, HOV facilities, signal prioritization, and the changing of boarding procedures, bus transit can begin to approach the efficiency of rail transit, known as BRT (Bus Rapid Transit). The average response to frequency improvements for bus service is roughly a 0.68% ridership gain per 1% frequency increase. Decreasing wait times by 1% can result in a 0.3% ridership increase, and decreasing travel time by 1% can result in a 0.6% ridership increase (JHK & Associates, 1995). Source/Reference: WSDOT, 2000, pp. 7-8