In the 1960s, new towns and communities were viewed as necessary to better manage urban sprawl and also to divert attention away from the many failures of urban renewal. In recent years, the traditional neighborhood development (TND) has come to be viewed as a new community planning concept. TND is the term used to describe the planning and urban design of new developments that take their urban forms from the structure and layout of pre-automobile neighborhoods. The five main organizing principles are: 1. compact, defined urban neighborhoods, comprising a compatible mix of uses and housing types; 2. a network of connected streets with sidewalks and street trees to facilitate convenient and safe movement throughout neighborhoods for all modes of transportation; 3. focus on the pedestrian over the automobile; 4. integration of parks and public spaces into each neighborhood; and 5. the placement of important civil buildings on key sites to create landmarks and a strong sense of place. In practice, new communities fall neatly into four categories: self-contained, urban node, infill, and isolated resort. The self-contained communities are designed to be self-sufficient in terms of offering enough jobs, shopping, leisure, and housing opportunities for all residents. The urban node-communities are primarily residential and shopping areas with relatively little employment but are tied to rail lines either directly by locating near transit stations or indirectly by dedicated minibus service. Nelson and Duncan (1995, pp 91-92) summarize the general criteria for reviewing new communities in a growth management context. Case/Example: Miami Lakes (FL), Columbia (MD), and Reston (VA) for self-contained communities; Kentland (Washington, DC metro area) for an urban node-community. Source/Reference: ARC, B, pp. 1; Nelson and Duncan, 1995, pp. 88-92.