In the face of declining federal assistance and local voter opposition to tax and utility rate increases, cities and counties must turn to alternative techniques to finance growth-related capital facilities. These techniques include development exactions, impact fees, special taxing districts, cost-based utility and stormwater fees, and development taxes. Despite their differences, these funding techniques have a common theme: they shift the costs of new infrastructure from the general public to the new developments that create the need. Source/Reference: Nelson and Duncan, 1995, pp. 112.