Hittite Online
Table of Contents
Sara E. Kimball, Winfred P. Lehmann, and Jonathan Slocum
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Lessons
0. Introduction to Hittite
1. The Proclamation of Anittas (Old Hittite)
2. The Telepenus "Vanishing God" Myth (Anatolian mythology)
3. The Proclamation of Telepenus (Old Hittite)
4. The Law Code (Old Hittite)
5. The Annals of Mursilis (Classical Neo-Hittite)
6. The Apology of Hattusilis III (Classical Neo-Hittite)
7. The Treaty of Tudhaliya with Kuruntas of Tarhuntassa (Later Neo-Hittite)
8. The Plague Prayer of Mursilis II (Neo-Hittite)
9. The Ritual of Tunnawi (Middle Hittite)
10. The KI.LAM Festival (state festival originating in the Old Kingdom)
Grammar Points
1. The Sound System
1.1. Vowels
1.2. Diphthongs
1.3. Stops
1.4. Glides, Nasals, and Liquids
1.5. Fricatives and Affricates
1.6. References on Hittite Phonology
2. The Cuneiform Syllabary
2.1. Spellings for Consonants
2.2. Spellings for Vowels
2.3. Spellings for Consonant Clusters
3. The Use of Sumerian and Akkadian
3.1. Sumerograms
3.2. Phonetic Complements
3.3. Akkadograms and Use of Akkadian
3.4. Determinatives
3.5. Rebus Spellings
4. Active verbs
4.1. Active Endings
4.2. Inflection of the mi- and hi-conjugations
4.3. Paradigms of mi-conjugation verbs
4.4. Paradigms of hi-conjugation verbs
5. Gender and Case
5.1. Noun and Adjective Endings
5.2. Sample A-stem Noun Paradigms
5.3. A-stem Adjectives
6. Basic Word Order
6.1. Form of the Subject
6.2. Order of Elements
7. Use of the Nominative, Accusative, and Ergative
7.1. The Nominative
7.2. The Accusative
7.3. Neo-Hittite Confusion of Animate Nominative and Accusative Endings
7.4. The Ergative
8. U-Stem Adjectives and Nouns
8.1. Paradigms of u-stem adjectives
8.2. Paradigms of u-stem nouns
8.3. Paradigms of au-stem nouns
9. Nominal sentences
10. Adjectives
10.1. Attributive adjectives
10.2. Adjectives used as predicate nominatives.
11. Enclitics
11.1. Sentence particles and enclitics
12. Personal Pronouns
13. The Middle Voice
13.1. Middle Endings
13.2. Middle Paradigms
14. Uses of the Middle
15. The Genitive
15.1. Use of Akkadian to indicate possession
15.2. Partitive apposition
15.3. Predicative genitives
15.4. Genitive of material
15.5. Partitive genitive
15.6. Nominal genitives
16. Demonstrative Pronouns
17. The Enclitic String
17.1. Enclitic combinations
17.2. Before -za
17.3. Pronoun slot
18. Enclitic possessive pronouns
18.1. Sound Changes Accompanying Enclitic Possessives
19. The Dative-Locative
19.1. Indirect Objects
19.2. Dative of Goal
19.3. Possessive Dative
19.4. The Dative with Adjectives
19.5. The Ethical Dative
19.6. Dative with Comparatives
20. I-Stem Adjectives and Nouns
21. Iya-stem Adjectives and Nouns
22. r/n-stem nouns
22.1. Complex Suffixes
22.2. Pe:r, parn- 'house'
23. The Locative
23.1. Abstract locative
23.2. Action in time
24. The Imperative
24.1. Third person imperative
24.2. Voluntive
24.3. Negative adverb le:
24.4. Archaic forms of "come, go"
25. The quotative particle
26. The Ablative.
26.1. Motion away
26.2. Without verbs of motion
26.3. Consequence
26.4. Akkadian ISHTU
26.5. Postpositions
26.6. Spatial relations
26.7. With parkui-
27. nt-stem Adjectives and Nouns
28. Derived Verbs
28.1. Causatives in -nu-
28.2. Factitive verbs in -ahh-
28.3. Mi-conjugation verbs in -e:ss-
28.4. Variable meaning
29. The participle
29.1. Verbal adjective
29.2. Transitive verbs
29.3. Intransitive verbs
29.4. Other uses of participles.
30. Conditional and Comparative Clauses
30.1. Conditional Clauses
30.2. Comparative Clauses
31. The Instrumental
31.1. Causation
31.2. Containment
31.3. Verbs meaning "fill"
31.4. Call by name
31.5. Adverbs
31.6. Ablative
32. T-Stem Nouns
33. Adverbial Temporal Clauses
33.1. Adverbial Clauses with ma:n 'when'
33.2. Adverbial Clauses with ma:hhan 'when'
33.3. Adverbial Clauses with kuwa:pi 'when'
33.4. Adverbial Clauses with kuitman 'while, until'
34. The emphasizing particle -pat
34.1. Previous mention
34.2. Reflexive, etc.
34.3. Clauses
35. Coordinating Conjunctions
35.1. Nu
35.2. namma 'when'
35.3. nasma and nassu 'or'
36. R-, L- and N-stem nouns
37. The Allative
38. Relative and Indefinite Pronouns and Clauses
38.1. Definite and Indefinite Relative Clauses
38.2. Non-restrictive Relative Clauses
38.3. Relative Adverbs
38.4. Emphasis
38.5. Indefinite Pronouns
39. The Uses of har-, hark-
39.1. Basic meaning
39.2. Use with Adjectives, Particples, and Locatives
39.3. The Perfect
40. The Reflexive Particle
41. Questions
41.1. Yes/No and Rhetorical Questions
41.2. Extensive action
41.3. Repeated action
41.4. Inhibitive sense
41.5. The supine
42. Questions with Interrogative Pronouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs
43. Infinitives
43.1. Purpose or goal
43.2. Infinitive as object
43.3. Infinitive with object
43.4. Adverbial infinitives
44. N-stem and S-stem Nouns
44.1. N-stems
44.2. S-stems
45. Postpositions
45.1. Frozen case forms
45.2. With enclitic pronouns
46. Negatives
46.1. Emphatic negative
46.2. General particle natta
46.3. Indefinite pronouns and adverbs
46.4. Negative adverb na:wi
46.5. Adverb nu:ma:n
47. Local Adverbs and Preverbs
47.1. Compound Verbs
47.2. Separation of Preverb and Verb
47.3. Separation of Preverb and Verb
48. Sentence Particles
48.1. Examples of asta
48.2. Examples of -ssan
48.3. The Particle -kan
49. Enclitic Conjunctions
49.1. Adversative -a-
49.2. -ma-
49.3. Conjunctive -a-, -ya- 'and'
49.4. The Akkadogram Ù
49.5. Omitted Conjunctions
50. The Modal Particle man
50.1. Use in contrary-to-fact clauses
50.2. Use With the Present-Future
50.3. Use in Wishes