Winfred P. Lehmann, Director :: PCL 5.112, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566
New Testament Greek Online
Lesson 7
Winfred P. Lehmann and Jonathan Slocum
The inclusion of the report on the transfiguration in three of the gospels indicates its importance. It is interesting to compare the accounts in Matthew 17:1-13 and Luke 9:28-36 with that of Mark. Neither of the others is as detailed as Mark, lending support to the idea that both were written later than his, and made modifications. Only Mark describes the extreme whiteness of Jesus's clothing. And the conclusion in Luke seems rather abrupt. On the other hand, if Mark as author is indeed providing his account on the basis of information from Peter, he may have omitted the somewhat unflattering statement on Peter's behavior that is included in both of the other gospels. The central elements of the event are however identical.
Reading and Textual Analysis
Mark 9:2-13, and John 5:39 (memory verse)
9:2 - Kai meta hêmeras hex paralambanei ho Iêsous ton Petron kai ton Iakôbon kai Iôannên, kai anapherei autous eis oros hupsêlon kat' idian monous.
- kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - meta
-- preposition;<meta> after, with-- after - hêmeras
-- noun; accusative plural feminine of<hêmera> day-- days - hex
-- number;<hex> six-- six - paralambanei
-- verb; 3rd person singular present of<paralambanô> take-- takes - ho
-- article; nominative singular masculine of<ho> the-- ... - Iêsous
-- noun; nominative singular masculine of<Iêsous> Jesus-- Jesus - ton
-- article; accusative singular masculine of<ho> the-- ... - Petron
-- noun; accusative singular masculine of<Petros> Peter-- Peter - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - ton
-- article; accusative singular masculine of<ho> the-- ... - Iakôbon
-- noun; accusative singular masculine of<Iakôbos> James-- James - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - Iôannên
-- noun; accusative singular masculine of<Iôannês> John-- John - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - anapherei
-- verb; 3rd person singular present of<anapherô> lead-- leads - autous
-- pronoun; accusative plural masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- them - eis
-- preposition;<eis> towards-- up - oros
-- noun; accusative singular neuter of<oros> mountain-- mountain - hupsêlon
-- adjective; accusative singular neuter of<hupsêlos> high-- (a) high - kat'
-- preposition;<kata> completely, down, under-- ... - idian
-- locution;<idian> alone-- by themselves - monous
-- adjective; accusative plural masculine of<monos> alone-- alone
9:3 - kai metemorphôthê emprosthen autôn, kai ta himatia autou egeneto stilbonta leuka lian, hoia gnapheus epi tês gês ou dunatai houtôs leukanai.
- kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - metemorphôthê
-- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of<metamorphoô> transform-- he was transfigured - emprosthen
-- preposition;<emprosthen> before, in front-- before - autôn
-- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- them - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - ta
-- article; nominative plural neuter of<ho> the-- ... - himatia
-- noun; accusative plural neuter of<himation> clothing-- clothing - autou
-- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- his - egeneto
-- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of<gignomai> happen, become-- became - stilbonta
-- verb; nominative plural neuter of present middle participle of<stilbô> to shine, be radiant-- radiant - leuka
-- adjective; nominative plural neuter of<leukos> white-- white - lian
-- adverb;<lian> very-- very - hoia
-- adjective; nominative plural neuter of<hoios> like, such that-- such that - gnapheus
-- noun; nominative singular masculine of<gnapheus> fuller-- fuller - epi
-- preposition;<epi> on, about-- on - tês
-- article; genitive singular feminine of<ho> the-- ... - gês
-- noun; genitive singular feminine of<gê> earth, land-- earth - ou
-- particle;<ou> not-- not - dunatai
-- deponent verb; 3rd person singular present middle of<dunamai> be able-- is able - houtôs
-- adverb;<houtôs> so, thus-- to such an extent - leukanai
-- verb; aorist infinitive of<leukanoô> make white-- whiten
9:4 - kai ôphthê autois Êlias sun Môusei, kai êsan sullalountes tô Iêsou.
- kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - ôphthê
-- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of<horaô> see-- appeared (was seen) - autois
-- pronoun; dative plural masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- by them - Êlias
-- noun; nominative singular masculine of<Êlias> Elias-- Elias - sun
-- preposition;<sun> with-- with - Môusei
-- noun; dative singular masculine of<Môusês> Moses-- Moses - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - êsan
-- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect of<eimi> I am-- were - sullalountes
-- verb; nominative plural masculine of present participle of<sullaleô> talk with-- talking with - tô
-- article; dative singular masculine of<ho> the-- ... - Iêsou
-- noun; dative singular masculine of<Iêsous> Jesus-- Jesus
9:5 - kai apokritheis ho Petros legei tô Iêsou? hrabbi, kalon estin hêmas hôde einai, kai poiêsômen treis skênas, soi mian kai Môusei mian kai Êlia mian.
- kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - apokritheis
-- verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist passive participle of<apokrinô> separate, answer-- speaking up - ho
-- article; nominative singular masculine of<ho> the-- ... - Petros
-- noun; nominative singular masculine of<Petros> Peter-- Peter - legei
-- verb; 3rd person singular present of<legô> say-- says - tô
-- article; dative singular masculine of<ho> the-- ... - Iêsou
-- noun; dative singular masculine of<Iêsous> Jesus-- to Jesus - hrabbi
-- noun; nominative singular masculine of<hrabbi> rabbi-- Master - kalon
-- adjective; accusative singular neuter of<kalos> good, beautiful-- good - estin
-- verb; 3rd person singular present of<eimi> I am-- it is - hêmas
-- pronoun; accusative plural masculine of<egô> I-- (for) us - hôde
-- adverb;<hôde> here-- here - einai
-- verb; infinitive of<eimi> I am-- to be - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - poiêsômen
-- verb; 1st person plural future subjunctive of<poieô> make, do-- let us make - treis
-- number;<treis> three-- three - skênas
-- noun; accusative plural feminine of<skênê> tent-- tents - soi
-- pronoun; dative singular masculine of<su> you-- for you - mian
-- number; accusative singular feminine of<heis> one-- one - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - Môusei
-- noun; dative singular masculine of<Môusês> Moses-- for Moses - mian
-- number; accusative singular feminine of<heis> one-- one - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - Êlia
-- noun; dative singular masculine of<Êlias> Elias-- for Elias - mian
-- number; accusative singular feminine of<heis> one-- one
9:6 - ou gar êdei ti apokrithê? ekphoboi gar egenonto.
- ou
-- particle;<ou> not-- not - gar
-- conjunction;<gar> for-- for - êdei
-- verb; 3rd person singular pluperfect of<oida> know-- he ...did know - ti
-- interrogative pronoun; accusative singular neuter of<tis> who, what-- what - apokrithê
-- verb; 3rd person singular aorist subjunctive of<apokrinô> separate, answer-- he might comment - ekphoboi
-- adjective; nominative plural masculine of<ekphobos> very afraid-- very afraid - gar
-- conjunction;<gar> for-- for - egenonto
-- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect of<gignomai> happen, become-- they became
9:7 - kai egeneto nephelê episkiazousa autois, kai egeneto phônê ek tês nephelês;
- kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - egeneto
-- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of<gignomai> happen, become-- developed - nephelê
-- noun; nominative singular feminine of<nephelê> cloud-- a cloud - episkiazousa
-- verb; nominative singular feminine of present participle of<episkiazô> overshadow-- overshadowing - autois
-- pronoun; dative plural masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- them - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - egeneto
-- deponent verb; 3rd person singular aorist of<gignomai> happen, become-- came - phônê
-- noun; nominative singular feminine of<phônê> voice, sound-- a voice - ek
-- preposition;<ek> from, out of-- out of - tês
-- article; genitive singular feminine of<ho> the-- the - nephelês
-- noun; genitive singular feminine of<nephelê> cloud-- cloud
houtos estin ho huios mou ho agapêtos. akouete autou.
- houtos
-- demonstrative pronoun; nominative singular masculine of<houtos> this-- this - estin
-- verb; 3rd person singular present of<eimi> I am-- is - ho
-- article; nominative singular masculine of<ho> the-- ... - huios
-- noun; nominative singular masculine of<huios> son-- son - mou
-- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of<egô> I-- my - ho
-- article; nominative singular masculine of<ho> the-- the - agapêtos
-- adjective; nominative singular masculine of<agapêtos> dear, beloved-- beloved - akouete
-- verb; 2nd person plural imperative of<akouô> hear, listen-- listen to - autou
-- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- him
9:8 - kai exapina periblepsamenoi ouketi oudena eidon ei mê ton Iêsoun monon meth' heautôn.
- kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - exapina
-- adverb;<exapina> suddenly-- suddenly - periblepsamenoi
-- verb; nominative plural masculine of aorist participle middle of<periblepô> look around-- looking around - ouketi
-- adverb;<ouketi> no longer-- no longer - oudena
-- noun; accusative singular masculine of<oudeis> no one, nothing-- any one - eidon
-- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of<horaô> see-- they saw - ei
-- conjunction;<ei> if-- if - mê
-- particle;<mê> not-- not = except - ton
-- article; accusative singular masculine of<ho> the-- ... - Iêsoun
-- noun; accusative singular masculine of<Iêsous> Jesus-- Jesus - monon
-- adjective; accusative singular masculine of<monos> alone-- alone - meth'
-- preposition;<meta> after, with-- with - heautôn
-- reflexive pronoun; genitive plural masculine of<heautou> oneself-- themselves
9:9 - Kai katabainontôn autôn ek tou orous diesteilato autois hina mêdeni ha eidon diêgêsôntai, ei mê hotan ho huios tou anthrôpou ek nekrôn anastê.
- kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - katabainontôn
-- verb; genitive plural masculine of present participle of<katabainô> descend-- (were) going down - autôn
-- pronoun; genitive plural masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- (as) they - ek
-- preposition;<ek> from, out of-- from - tou
-- article; genitive singular masculine of<ho> the-- the - orous
-- noun; genitive singular masculine of<oros> mountain-- mountain - diesteilato
-- verb; 3rd person singular aorist middle of<diastellô> give express orders-- he gave express orders - autois
-- pronoun; dative plural masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- to them - hina
-- conjunction;<hina> so that-- that - mêdeni
-- adjective; dative singular masculine of<mêdeis> no one-- to no one - ha
-- relative pronoun; accusative plural neuter of<hos> who, which-- what - eidon
-- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of<horaô> see-- they had seen - diêgêsôntai
-- verb; 3rd person plural aorist subjunctive of<diêgeomai> divulge-- should divulge - ei
-- conjunction;<ei> if-- if - mê
-- particle;<mê> not-- not = except - hotan
-- conjunction;<hotan> when, every time-- when - ho
-- article; nominative singular masculine of<ho> the-- the - huios
-- noun; nominative singular masculine of<huios> son-- son - tou
-- article; genitive singular masculine of<ho> the-- ... - anthrôpou
-- noun; genitive singular masculine of<anthrôpos> human being-- of man - ek
-- preposition;<ek> from, out of-- from - nekrôn
-- noun; genitive plural masculine of<nekros> dead-- (the) dead - anastê
-- verb; 3rd person singular aorist subjunctive<anistêmi> rise-- would arise
9:10 - kai ton logon ekratêsan pros heautous suzêtountes ti estin to ek nekrôn anastênai.
- kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - ton
-- article; accusative singular masculine of<ho> the-- the - logon
-- noun; accusative singular masculine of<logos> word, reason-- statement - ekratêsan
-- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of<krateô> hold fast, take to heart; rule, conquer-- they took to heart - pros
-- preposition;<pros> to-- among - heautous
-- reflexive pronoun; accusative plural masculine of<heautou> oneself-- themselves - suzêtountes
-- verb; nominative plural masculine present participle of<suzêteô> discuss-- discussing - ti
-- interrogative pronoun; accusative singular neuter of<tis> who, what-- what - estin
-- verb; 3rd person singular present of<eimi> I am-- is (might be) - to
-- article; nominative singular neuter of<ho> the-- the - ek
-- preposition;<ek> from, out of-- from - nekrôn
-- noun; genitive plural masculine of<nekros> dead-- the dead - anastênai
-- verb; infinitive aorist of<anistêmi> rise-- rising
9:11 - Kai epêrôtôn auton legontes hoti legousin hoi grammateis hoti Êlian dei elthein prôton?
- kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - epêrôtôn
-- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect of<eperôtaô> ask-- they asked - auton
-- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- him - legontes
-- verb; nominative plural masculine of present participle of<legô> say-- saying - hoti
-- conjunction;<hoti> because, that-- ... - legousin
-- verb; 3rd person plural present of<legô> say-- do. . .say - hoi
-- article; nominative plural masculine of<ho> the-- the - grammateis
-- noun; nominative plural masculine of<grammateus> scribe-- scribes - hoti
-- conjunction;<hoti> because, that-- that - Êlian
-- noun; accusative singular masculine of<Êlias> Elias-- Elias - dei
-- verb; 3rd person singular present of<dei> it is necessary-- it is necessary - elthein
-- deponent verb; infinitive aorist of<erchomai> come, go-- come - prôton
-- adverb;<prôton> first-- first
9:12 - ho de ephê autois; Êlias men elthôn prôton apokathistanei panta.
- ho
-- article used as pronoun; nominative singular masculine of<ho> the-- he - de
-- particle;<de> and, on the other hand-- but - ephê
-- verb; 3rd person singular imperfect of<phêmi> say-- he said - autois
-- pronoun; dative plural masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- to them - Êlias
-- noun; nominative singular masculine of<Êlias> Elias-- Elias - men
-- particle;<men> on the one hand-- indeed - elthôn
-- deponent verb; nominative singular masculine of aorist participle of<erchomai> come, go-- having come - prôton
-- adverb;<prôton> first-- first - apokathistanei
-- verb; present infinitive of<apokathistêmi> restore-- to restore - panta
-- adjective used as substantive; accusative plural neuter of<pas> all, every-- all (things)
kai pôs gegraptai epi ton huion tou anthrôpou, hina polla pathê kai exoudenêthê?
- kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - pôs
-- interrogative particle;<pôs> how-- how - gegraptai
-- verb; 3rd person singular perfect passive of<graphô> write-- is it written - epi
-- preposition;<epi> on, about-- about - ton
-- article; accusative singular masculine of<ho> the-- the - huion
-- noun; accusative singular masculine of<huios> son-- son - tou
-- article; genitive singular masculine of<ho> the-- ... - anthrôpou
-- noun; genitive singular masculine of<anthrôpos> human being-- of man - hina
-- conjunction;<hina> so that-- that - polla
-- adjective used as substantive; accusative plural neuter of<polus> many-- many things - pathê
-- verb; 3rd person singular aorist subjunctive of<paschô> suffer-- he must suffer - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - exoudenêthê
-- verb; 3rd person singular aorist passive of<exoudeneô> set at naught-- be set at naught
9:13 - alla legô humin hoti kai Êlias elêluthen, kai epoiêsan autô hosa êthelon, kathôs gegraptai ep' auton.
- alla
-- conjunction;<alla> but-- but - legô
-- verb; 1st person singular present of<legô> say-- I say - humin
-- pronoun; dative plural masculine of<su> you-- to you - hoti
-- conjunction;<hoti> because, that-- that - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - Êlias
-- noun; nominative singular masculine of<Êlias> Elias-- Elias - elêluthen
-- deponent verb; 3rd person singular pluperfect of<erchomai> come, go-- has come - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - epoiêsan
-- verb; 3rd person plural aorist of<poieô> make, do-- they have done - autô
-- pronoun; dative singular masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- to him - hosa
-- conjunction; accusative plural neuter of<hosos> (as many) as-- as - êthelon
-- verb; 3rd person plural imperfect of<ethelô> wish, want-- they wished - kathôs
-- conjunction;<kathôs> as-- as - gegraptai
-- verb; 3rd person singular perfect passive of<graphô> write-- is written - ep'
-- preposition;<epi> on, about-- about - auton
-- pronoun; accusative singular masculine of<autos> oneself, he-- him
John 5:39 (memory verse) - Ereunate tas graphas, hoti humeis dokeite en autais zôên aiônion echein? kai ekeinai eisin hai marturousai peri emou.
- ereunate
-- verb; 2nd person plural imperative of<ereunaô> search-- search - tas
-- article; accusative plural feminine of<ho> the-- the - graphas
-- noun; accusative plural feminine of<graphê> writing, scripture-- scriptures - hoti
-- conjunction;<hoti> because, that-- because - humeis
-- pronoun; nominative plural masculine of<su> you-- you - dokeite
-- verb; 2nd person plural present of<dokeô> seem, think-- think - en
-- preposition;<en> in-- in - autais
-- pronoun; dative plural feminine of<autos> oneself, he-- them - zôên
-- noun; accusative singular feminine of<zôê> life-- life - aiônion
-- adjective; accusative singular feminine of<aiônios> eternal-- eternal - echein
-- verb; infinitive of<echô> have-- have - kai
-- conjunction;<kai> and-- and - ekeinai
-- demonstrative pronoun; nominative plural feminine of<ekeinos> that-- they - eisin
-- verb; 3rd person plural present of<eimi> I am-- are - hai
-- article; nominative plural feminine of<ho> the-- the (those who) - marturousai
-- verb; nominative plural feminine of aorist participle of<martureô> bear witness-- testify - peri
-- preposition;<peri> around-- concerning - emou
-- pronoun; genitive singular masculine of<egô> I-- me
Lesson Text
9:2 Kai meta hêmeras hex paralambanei ho Iêsous ton Petron kai ton Iakôbon kai Iôannên, kai anapherei autous eis oros hupsêlon kat' idian monous. 9:3 kai metemorphôthê emprosthen autôn, kai ta himatia autou egeneto stilbonta leuka lian, hoia gnapheus epi tês gês ou dunatai houtôs leukanai. 9:4 kai ôphthê autois Êlias sun Môusei, kai êsan sullalountes tô Iêsou. 9:5 kai apokritheis ho Petros legei tô Iêsou? hrabbi, kalon estin hêmas hôde einai, kai poiêsômen treis skênas, soi mian kai Môusei mian kai Êlia mian. 9:6 ou gar êdei ti apokrithê? ekphoboi gar egenonto.
9:7 kai egeneto nephelê episkiazousa autois, kai egeneto phônê ek tês nephelês; houtos estin ho huios mou ho agapêtos. akouete autou. 9:8 kai exapina periblepsamenoi ouketi oudena eidon ei mê ton Iêsoun monon meth' heautôn.
9:9 Kai katabainontôn autôn ek tou orous diesteilato autois hina mêdeni ha eidon diêgêsôntai, ei mê hotan ho huios tou anthrôpou ek nekrôn anastê. 9:10 kai ton logon ekratêsan pros heautous suzêtountes ti estin to ek nekrôn anastênai.
9:11 Kai epêrôtôn auton legontes hoti legousin hoi grammateis hoti Êlian dei elthein prôton?
9:12 ho de ephê autois; Êlias men elthôn prôton apokathistanei panta. kai pôs gegraptai epi ton huion tou anthrôpou, hina polla pathê kai exoudenêthê? 9:13 alla legô humin hoti kai Êlias elêluthen, kai epoiêsan autô hosa êthelon, kathôs gegraptai ep' auton.
John 5:39 (memory verse) - Ereunate tas graphas, hoti humeis dokeite en autais zôên aiônion echein? kai ekeinai eisin hai marturousai peri emou.
Translation
From the King James version:
9:2 And after six days Jesus taketh with him Peter, and James, and John, and leadeth them up into an high mountain apart by themselves: and he was transfigured before them. 3 And his raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow; so as no fuller on earth can white them. 4 And there appeared unto them Elias with Moses: and they were talking with Jesus. 5 And Peter answered and said to Jesus, Master, it is good for us to be here: and let us make three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias. 6 For he wist not what to say; for they were sore afraid.
7 And there was a cloud that overshadowed them: and a voice came out of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him. 8 And suddenly, when they had looked round about, they saw no man any more, save Jesus only with themselves.
9 And as they came down from the mountain, he charged them that they should tell no man what things they had seen, till the Son of man were risen from the dead. 10 And they kept that saying with themselves, questioning one with another what the rising from the dead should mean.
11 And they asked him, saying, Why say the scribes that Elias must first come?
12 And he answered and told them, Elias verily cometh first, and restoreth all things; and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought. 13 But I say unto you, That Elias is indeed come, and they have done unto him whatsoever they listed, as it is written of him.
John 5:39 (memory verse) --
Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me.
Grammar
31. Inflection of adjectives and participles.
Section 12 provided the inflection of the most common adjectives, Here that of adjectives with consonantal stems is given for the adjective akôn 'unwilling'; it applies also to present participles.
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | akôn | akousa | akon | |||
| Gen. sg. | akontos | akousês | akontos | |||
| Dat. sg. | akonti | akousê | akonti | |||
| Acc. sg. | akonta | akousan | akon | |||
| Nom. pl. | akontes | akousai | akonta | |||
| Gen. pl. | akontôn | akousôn | akontôn | |||
| Dat. pl. | akousi(n) | akousais | akousi(n) | |||
| Acc. pl. | akontas | akousas | akonta |
The frequent adjective, pas 'all, whole' is also inflected in this way; the nominative and genitive singular are given as an illustration.
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | pas | pasa | pan | |||
| Gen. sg. | pantos | pasês | pantos |
The nominative forms of other consonantal adjectives are given in dictionaries; the other cases may be identified with the help of the forms given above.
32. Two frequently occurring adjectives.
The forms of two frequently ocurring adjectives are given here in view of their common occurrence, megas 'great' and polus 'much'.
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | megas | megalê | mega | |||
| Gen. sg. | megalou | megalês | megalou | |||
| Dat. sg. | megalô | megalê | megalô | |||
| Acc. sg. | megan | megalên | mega | |||
| Nom. pl. | megaloi | megalai | megala | |||
| Gen. pl. | megalôn | megalôn | megalôn | |||
| Dat. pl. | megalois | megalais | megalois | |||
| Acc. pl. | megalous | megalas | megala |
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | polus | pollê | polu | |||
| Gen. sg. | pollou | pollês | pollou | |||
| Dat. sg. | pollô | pollê | pollô | |||
| Acc. sg. | polun | pollên | polu | |||
| Nom. pl. | polloi | pollai | polla | |||
| Gen. pl. | pollôn | pollôn | pollôn | |||
| Dat. pl. | pollois | pollais | pollois | |||
| Acc. pl. | pollous | pollas | polla |
33. Less frequent patterns of adjectival comparison.
The most frequent type of comparison with the suffixes -teros, -tatos was given in section 22. Some common adjectives have different suffixes, as noted there for kakos, with its comparative in kakiôn 'worse'and superlative kakistos. Similarly, kalos 'beautiful' has the forms kalliôn and kallistos, echthros 'hostile' has the forms echthiôn, echthistos.
Other adjectives have different roots in the comparative and superlative forms. Some have several types of comparison, with differing connotations for the various types.
| agathos 'good' | ameinôn | aristos | 'clever, brave' | |||
| beltiôn | beltistos | 'virtuous' | ||||
| kreittôn | kratistos | 'strong, superior' | ||||
| kakos 'bad' | cheirôn | cheiristos | 'less good' | |||
| hêttôn | hêkistos | 'weaker' | ||||
| megas 'great' | meizôn | megistos | ||||
| mikros 'small' | mikroteros | mikrotatos | ||||
| elattôn | elachistos | (also applies to oligos) | ||||
| oligos 'little' | meiôn | --- | ||||
| polus 'much' | pleiôn | pleistos |
34. Aorist of the passive.
As noted in section 30, the aorist in the passive differs from that in the middle.
| Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | episteuthên | pisteuthô | pisteutheiên | |||||
| 2 sg | episteuthês | pisteuthês | pisteutheiês | pisteuthêti | ||||
| 3 sg | episteuthê | pisteuthê | pisteutheiê | pisteuthêtô | ||||
| 1 pl | episteuthêmen | pisteuthômen | pisteutheiêmen | |||||
| 2 pl | episteuthête | pisteuthête | pisteutheiête | pisteuthête | ||||
| 3 pl | episteuthêsan | pisteuthôsi | pisteutheiêsan | pisteuthentôn |
35. Infinitives and participles of the aorist middle and passive.
| Middle | Passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | pisteusasthai 'to believe' |
pisteuthêsesthai 'to be believed' |
||
| Participle | pisteusamenos, -ê, -on 'one who believed' |
pisteutheis, -theisa, -then 'be believed' |