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Old Iranian Online

Old Persian: English Meaning Index

Jonathan Slocum and Scott L. Harvey

This English Index lists, in alphabetical order, seemingly significant words used in the "general meaning" glosses of Base Forms underlying one or more surface (word) forms in lesson texts. For each English word, base forms having that word in their general meanings are shown, along with links to every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the associated surface forms. With this index, one may click on any link to perform a quick "usage look-up," and thereby study how surface forms in texts are constructed from base forms sharing a general English meaning word. In order to reduce clutter in this index, certain high-frequency English "function" words are ignored unless there are no "content" words in the meaning.

This index was created by software, not by human hand, using lesson materials authored with very few constraints on the expression of "meaning" other than it being in English. Selecting significant words from free-form text via software is a notoriously difficult task. For example, while most meanings in these lessons are expressed as "glosses," some or parts may be comments directed toward the human reader, who is expected to discern the difference. Computer software cannot yet make such subtle linguistic distinctions, so all words in a meaning are treated alike. With few exceptions, then, all words are indexed. The results are neither produced nor presented with any claims to superior linguistic sensitivity, but at least the full meaning texts are shown for your inspection and judgment. Modest effort was invested in tuning the software to ignore [apparently] superfluous, high-frequency words (e.g., the preposition "of") that, in the presence of [apparently] more important words, contribute little or no useful information to an index; unfortunately this may result in some words, in some contexts, being unfairly omitted.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (Unicode 2 and Unicode 3) in the upper-left margin.
ABOVE :   <upariy>   'over, above, in accordance with'   --
7.356, 7.358, 10.39
ACCORDANCE :   <upariy>   'over, above, in accordance with'   --
7.356, 7.358, 10.39
ACCOUNT :   <râdiy>   'on account of'   --
7.202, 7.319, 8.327
ACHAEMENID :   <haxâmanishiya->   'Achaemenid'   --
9.133
ACTIVE :   <taxsh>   'be active, build, carve, make'   --
7.374
ACTIVE :   <var>   active 'cover', middle 'choose, convince'   --
7.95, 7.189
AFAR :   <dűraiy>   'afar, far away'   --
9.306
AFRAID :   <tars>   'fear, be afraid'   --
8.312
AFTER :   <apara->   'later, after'   --
10.225
AFTER :   <aparam>   'after'   --
7.19, 7.88, 7.413
AFTER :   <pasâva>   'after(wards)'   --
8.19, 8.63, 8.93, 8.108, 8.119, 8.141, 8.212, 8.262, 8.373, 9.183, 10.49, 10.99
AGAINST :   <abiy>   'to, toward, against'   --
8.219
AGAINST :   <patiy>   'against, during, with respect to'   --
7.31, 7.91, 8.383, 9.241, 9.339, 10.121
AHURA :   <Auramazdâh->   'Ahura Mazda'   --
7.74, 7.117, 7.173, 7.219, 7.261, 7.292, 7.294, 7.320, 8.375, 8.384, 8.457, 8.461, 9.7, 9.163, 9.207, 9.363, 9.372, 9.393, 9.418, 9.428, 10.50, 10.61, 10.108, 10.145, 10.193, 10.202, 10.252, 10.261, 10.285, 10.295
AID :   <upastâ->   'aid, support'   --
7.295, 7.321, 8.385, 9.373, 10.51, 10.203
ALL :   <haruva->   'all'   --
8.214
ALL :   <visa->   'all, every'   --
9.361, 10.191
ALL :   <vispa->   'all, every'   --
9.104
ALLY :   <anushiya->   'follower, ally'   --
8.428
AMONG :   <atar>   'within, among'   --
10.28, 10.84
AND :   <utâ>   'and'   --
7.230, 7.234, 7.264, 7.304, 7.323, 8.124, 8.126, 8.128, 8.229, 8.231, 8.233, 8.417, 9.397, 9.406, 10.73, 10.83, 10.120, 10.156, 10.237, 10.294, 10.307, 10.318
ANY :   <kashciy->   'any, anyone, anything'   --
8.293, 8.354, 8.357
ANYONE :   <kashciy->   'any, anyone, anything'   --
8.293, 8.354, 8.357
ANYTHING :   <kashciy->   'any, anyone, anything'   --
8.293, 8.354, 8.357
APART :   <vi>   'wide, apart'   --
7.388, 10.119
ARYAN :   <ariya->   'Aryan'   --
9.144, 9.145
ASK :   <avahya->   'ask for help'   --
8.383
ASK :   <frath>   'ask, inquire, investigate, indict'   --
7.37, 7.38, 7.390, 7.398, 7.433, 7.434
ASK :   <jad>   'pray, ask'   --
9.419
AUTUMN :   <thard->   'autumn, year'   --
7.76, 7.135, 7.175, 7.290
AWAY :   <apa>   'away'   --
7.204, 7.216, 7.250
AWAY :   <ava>   'away, down'   --
8.74, 8.78, 8.92, 8.322, 8.336, 8.416, 8.445, 10.62
AWAY :   <dűraiy>   'afar, far away'   --
9.306
BAD :   <dush>   'difficult, bad, evil'   --
10.167
BARDIYA :   <Bardiya->   'Bardiya', known from Greek sources as Smerdis   --
8.57, 8.73, 8.77, 8.91, 8.198, 8.325, 8.342
BATTLE :   <partara->   'battle'   --
9.338
BATTLEFIELD :   <gâthu->   'place, throne, battlefield'   --
9.216, 9.276, 10.74
BE :   <ah>   'be'   --
7.20, 7.35, 7.51, 7.157, 7.161, 7.308, 7.334, 7.338, 7.341, 7.351, 7.414, 7.418, 7.421, 8.46, 8.59, 8.152, 8.183, 8.199, 8.251, 8.277, 8.350, 8.399, 8.429, 9.205, 9.240, 9.252, 10.27, 10.87, 10.165, 10.228, 10.240, 10.317, 10.328
BEAR :   <bar>   'bear, carry'   --
7.303, 7.322, 7.386, 8.386, 8.464, 9.185, 9.284, 9.374, 10.59, 10.204
BEAUTIFUL :   <naiba->   'beautiful, pious'   --
10.178
BECAUSE :   <yathâ>   'as, when, because'   --
7.120, 7.170, 7.335, 8.20, 8.75, 8.104, 9.164, 9.230, 10.15
BECOME :   <bu>   'be, become'   --
7.229, 7.233, 7.263, 7.274, 7.432, 8.29, 8.89, 8.111, 8.123, 8.216, 8.460, 9.296, 9.318, 10.26
BEFORE :   <paranam>   'before'   --
8.324
BEFORE :   <paruva->   'before, previous'   --
7.154
BEFORE :   <paruvam>   'previously, before'   --
10.96, 10.133
BEYOND :   <parâ>   'forth, forward, beyond'   --
9.315
BLESSED :   <artâvan->   'blessed, righteous'   --
10.239, 10.320
BROTHER :   <brâtar->   'brother'   --
8.49, 8.204
BUBBLE :   <yaud>   'rise up, bubble over'   --
9.175, 10.48
BUILD :   <taxsh>   'be active, build, carve, make'   --
7.374
BUT :   <ca>   'and, but'   --
10.154, 10.157, 10.270, 10.304
BY :   <nâma>   'by name, named, called'   --
8.31, 8.58, 8.154, 8.167, 8.431, 8.434
CALENDAR :   <Bâgayâdi->   seventh month of the Persian calendar, September - October   --
8.387
CALENDAR :   <Garmapada->   fourth month of the Persian calendar, June - July   --
8.246
CALENDAR :   <Viyaxna->   twelfth month of the Persian calendar, February - March   --
8.171
CALL :   <zbâ->   'call'   --
10.121
CALLED :   <nâma>   'by name, named, called'   --
8.31, 8.58, 8.154, 8.167, 8.431, 8.434
CAMBYSES :   <Kambűjiya->   'Cambyses'   --
8.30, 8.48, 8.62, 8.64, 8.76, 8.94, 8.105, 8.203, 8.218, 8.263
CARRY :   <bar>   'bear, carry'   --
7.303, 7.322, 7.386, 8.386, 8.464, 9.185, 9.284, 9.374, 10.59, 10.204
CARVE :   <taxsh>   'be active, build, carve, make'   --
7.374
CARVED :   <patikara->   'picture, carved/incised likeness'   --
9.273
CHOOSE :   <var>   active 'cover', middle 'choose, convince'   --
7.95, 7.189
CLAN :   <vith->   'house(hold), clan, royal court'   --
7.383, 9.405
CONVINCE :   <var>   active 'cover', middle 'choose, convince'   --
7.95, 7.189
CORRUPT :   <tya->   (corrupt form) 'that'   --
10.132
COUNTRY :   <dahyu->   'country, land, region'   --
7.49, 8.121, 8.137, 8.235, 8.442, 9.103, 9.254, 9.408, 10.37, 10.63, 10.86
COURT :   <vith->   'house(hold), clan, royal court'   --
7.383, 9.405
COVER :   <var>   active 'cover', middle 'choose, convince'   --
7.95, 7.189
CREATE :   <dâ>   'put, make, create'   --
9.18, 9.29, 9.32, 9.42
CYRUS :   <Kűru->   'Cyrus'   --
8.32, 8.201, 8.352
DAIVA :   <daiva->   'daiva'   --
10.97, 10.111, 10.122, 10.134
DARE :   <dars>   'dare'   --
8.356
DARIUS :   <Dârayavahu->   'Darius'   --
7.6, 7.60, 7.108, 7.144, 7.185, 7.245, 7.276, 7.310, 7.400, 8.13, 8.139, 8.274, 9.52, 9.83, 9.161, 9.263, 9.348
DAY :   <raucah->   'day'   --
8.181, 8.249, 8.397
DEATH :   <uvâmarshiyu->   'self-inflicted death'   --
8.264
DECEIT :   <drauga->   'deceit, the Lie'   --
7.22, 7.105, 8.120
DECEITFUL :   <draujana->   'deceitful, follower of the Lie'   --
7.34, 7.340, 7.417
DECEIVE :   <drug->   'lie, deceive'   --
8.196
DECLARE :   <thah>   'speak, say, declare'   --
7.5, 7.59, 7.107, 7.143, 7.177, 7.218, 7.244, 7.259, 7.275, 7.309, 7.399, 8.5, 8.138, 8.273, 8.358, 9.153, 9.227, 9.340, 10.5
DENOTES :   <kâ>   (denotes generalization)   --
7.16, 7.79, 7.403, 10.216
DESIRE :   <kâma->   'wish, desire'   --
9.239
DIE :   <mar>   'die'   --
8.265, 10.238, 10.319
DIFFICULT :   <dush>   'difficult, bad, evil'   --
10.167
DIG :   <kan>   'dig'   --
10.119
DO :   <kar>   'do, make'   --
7.65, 7.77, 7.94, 7.133, 7.162, 7.176, 7.199, 7.281, 7.293, 7.371, 8.18, 8.308, 9.54, 9.195, 9.229, 9.352, 9.371, 9.383, 9.384, 10.167, 10.168, 10.179, 10.190, 10.194, 10.213, 10.214
DOWN :   <ava>   'away, down'   --
8.74, 8.78, 8.92, 8.322, 8.336, 8.416, 8.445, 10.62
DOWN :   <ni>   'down'   --
9.217, 10.40, 10.75, 10.260, 10.293
DURABLE :   <duruva->   'durable, stable, firm, secure'   --
7.50
DURING :   <patiy>   'against, during, with respect to'   --
7.31, 7.91, 8.383, 9.241, 9.339, 10.121
EARTH :   <bűmi->   'earth'   --
9.17, 9.114, 9.174
EGYPT :   <Mudrâya->   'Egypt'   --
8.95, 8.106
EMPHASIS :   <diy>   (used for emphasis)   --
7.433
EMPHATIC :   <apiy>   emphatic particle   --
9.123, 9.328
ENGRAVE :   <paith>   'inscribe, engrave'   --
10.40
EVERY :   <visa->   'all, every'   --
9.361, 10.191
EVERY :   <vispa->   'all, every'   --
9.104
EVIL :   <arika->   'treacherous, evil, hostile'   --
7.337, 8.110
EVIL :   <dush>   'difficult, bad, evil'   --
10.167
EVIL :   <gasta->   'evil, harm'   --
9.396
EVIL :   <zűra->   'evil'   --
7.370
EVIL-DOER :   <zűrakara->   'evil-doer'   --
7.350, 7.420
EXAMINE :   <parsa->   'examine, read'   --
7.91
EXPRESSES :   <mâ>   (expresses prohibition)   --
7.104, 7.203, 7.273, 7.430, 8.337, 10.130
FALL :   <pat>   'fly, fall'   --
8.156, 8.185
FALSE :   <duruxta->   'false'   --
7.124
FAMILY :   <taumâ->   'family'   --
7.231, 7.265, 7.355, 8.35, 8.292
FAR :   <dűra>   'far'   --
9.123, 9.328
FAR :   <dűraiy>   'afar, far away'   --
9.306
FATHER :   <pîtar->   'father'   --
8.61
FAVOR :   <vashna->   'will, favor'   --
7.73, 7.172, 7.291, 8.449, 9.206, 9.362, 10.60, 10.100, 10.192
FEAR :   <tars>   'fear, be afraid'   --
8.312
FEBRUARY :   <Viyaxna->   twelfth month of the Persian calendar, February - March   --
8.171
FEW :   <kamna->   'few'   --
8.403
FIRM :   <duruva->   'durable, stable, firm, secure'   --
7.50
FIRST :   <fratama->   'first, foremost'   --
8.419
FLY :   <pat>   'fly, fall'   --
8.156, 8.185
FOLLOWER :   <anushiya->   'follower, ally'   --
8.428
FOLLOWER :   <draujana->   'deceitful, follower of the Lie'   --
7.34, 7.340, 7.417
FOREMOST :   <fratama->   'first, foremost'   --
8.419
FORM :   <tya->   (corrupt form) 'that'   --
10.132
FORTH :   <fra>   'to, toward, forth'   --
8.464, 9.185
FORTH :   <parâ>   'forth, forward, beyond'   --
9.315
FORTRESS :   <didâ->   'fortress, wall'   --
8.432
FORWARD :   <parâ>   'forth, forward, beyond'   --
9.315
FOURTEEN :   <XIV>   'fourteen'   --
8.180
FOURTH :   <Garmapada->   fourth month of the Persian calendar, June - July   --
8.246
FRIEND :   <daushtar->   'friend'   --
7.228, 7.431
FROM :   <hacâ>   'from, out of'   --
7.21, 8.157, 8.169, 8.217, 8.310, 9.329, 9.395
GAUMATA :   <Gaumâta->   'Gaumata'   --
8.153, 8.296, 8.367, 8.413
GENERALIZATION :   <kâ>   (denotes generalization)   --
7.16, 7.79, 7.403, 10.216
GIVE :   <dâ>   'give, take'   --
8.307, 9.429
GO :   <ay>   'go'   --
10.250, 10.283
GO :   <gam>   'go'   --
9.315
GO :   <i>   'go'   --
7.358
GO :   <shiyu>   'set out, go'   --
8.103, 8.107, 8.228
GOD :   <baga->   'god'   --
7.306, 7.332, 9.5
GOOD :   <u>   'well, good'   --
7.37, 7.385, 7.390, 7.433
GRAB :   <grab>   'seize, grab'   --
8.245, 8.261
GREAT :   <vazraka->   'great'   --
9.6, 9.85, 9.122
GREATLY :   <darsham>   'greatly, mightily, steadfastly'   --
7.23, 8.311
GREATLY :   <vasiy>   'greatly, utterly'   --
7.232, 8.122, 8.321
GREEK :   <Bardiya->   'Bardiya', known from Greek sources as Smerdis   --
8.57, 8.73, 8.77, 8.91, 8.198, 8.325, 8.342
HAPPINESS :   <shiyati->   'welfare, peace, happiness'   --
9.41
HAPPY :   <shiyâta->   'happy'   --
10.227, 10.316
HARM :   <gasta->   'evil, harm'   --
9.396
HASTE :   <ranga->   'speed, haste'   --
7.118
HE :   <aita->   'he, this'   --
9.350, 9.409, 9.420, 10.29, 10.85, 10.180
HE :   <hauv->   'he, this'   --
8.43, 8.155, 8.186, 8.237, 10.306
HE :   <ima->   'he, this'   --
7.62, 7.89, 7.121, 7.206, 7.248, 7.278, 8.15, 9.9, 9.173, 9.407
HE :   <sa->   'he, this'   --
8.418
HE :   <sha->   'he, this'   --
8.170, 8.309, 8.444, 8.446, 9.218
HE :   <tya->   'he, this, that'   --
7.146, 8.304, 8.368, 8.414, 10.88
HELP :   <avahya->   'ask for help'   --
8.383
HERE :   <idâ>   'here'   --
8.44
HIDE :   <gud>   'hide'   --
7.204, 7.216, 7.250
HOLD :   <dar>   'hold, support'   --
9.272
HOLD :   <vith->   'house(hold), clan, royal court'   --
7.383, 9.405
HOSTILE :   <arika->   'treacherous, evil, hostile'   --
7.337, 8.110
HOUSE :   <vith->   'house(hold), clan, royal court'   --
7.383, 9.405
HOW :   <cayakaram>   'how much, how many'   --
9.251
HUMAN :   <martiya->   'mortal, man, human being'   --
7.32, 7.372, 7.415, 8.150, 8.278, 8.404, 8.420, 9.31, 9.43, 9.305, 9.327, 10.272
HYSTASPES :   <Vishtâspa->   'Hystaspes'   --
9.124
IF :   <yadiy>   'if, when'   --
7.39, 7.205, 7.247, 8.184, 9.241, 10.226
INCISED :   <patikara->   'picture, carved/incised likeness'   --
9.273
INDICT :   <frath>   'ask, inquire, investigate, indict'   --
7.37, 7.38, 7.390, 7.398, 7.433, 7.434
INJURE :   <nâth>   'injure, rend'   --
7.388
INQUIRE :   <frath>   'ask, inquire, investigate, indict'   --
7.37, 7.38, 7.390, 7.398, 7.433, 7.434
INSCRIBE :   <paith>   'inscribe, engrave'   --
10.40
INSCRIPTION :   <dipi->   'inscription'   --
7.90
INVESTIGATE :   <frath>   'ask, inquire, investigate, indict'   --
7.37, 7.38, 7.390, 7.398, 7.433, 7.434
JULY :   <Garmapada->   fourth month of the Persian calendar, June - July   --
8.246
JUNE :   <Garmapada->   fourth month of the Persian calendar, June - July   --
8.246
KING :   <xshâyathiya->   'royal, king'   --
7.7, 7.17, 7.61, 7.109, 7.145, 7.155, 7.186, 7.246, 7.277, 7.318, 7.401, 7.404, 8.14, 8.21, 8.45, 8.140, 8.275, 8.459, 9.53, 9.64, 9.84, 9.93, 9.94, 9.102, 9.112, 9.162, 9.187, 9.197, 9.264, 9.349, 10.14, 10.25
KINGDOM :   <xshac*a->   'kingship, sovereignty, kingdom'   --
8.236, 8.253, 8.306, 8.446, 8.462
KINGSHIP :   <xshac*a->   'kingship, sovereignty, kingdom'   --
8.236, 8.253, 8.306, 8.446, 8.462
KNOW :   <xshnâ>   'learn, know'   --
8.326, 8.338, 9.286
KNOWN :   <Bardiya->   'Bardiya', known from Greek sources as Smerdis   --
8.57, 8.73, 8.77, 8.91, 8.198, 8.325, 8.342
KNOWN :   <azdâ>   'known'   --
8.88, 9.295, 9.317
LAND :   <dahyu->   'country, land, region'   --
7.49, 8.121, 8.137, 8.235, 8.442, 9.103, 9.254, 9.408, 10.37, 10.63, 10.86
LATER :   <apara->   'later, after'   --
10.225
LAW :   <dâta->   'law'   --
10.249, 10.282
LEARN :   <xshnâ>   'learn, know'   --
8.326, 8.338, 9.286
LIE :   <drauga->   'deceit, the Lie'   --
7.22, 7.105, 8.120
LIE :   <draujana->   'deceitful, follower of the Lie'   --
7.34, 7.340, 7.417
LIE :   <drug->   'lie, deceive'   --
8.196
LIFE :   <jîvâ->   'life'   --
7.236
LIKENESS :   <patikara->   'picture, carved/incised likeness'   --
9.273
LINEAGE :   <cic*a->   'seed, lineage'   --
9.145
LIVING :   <jiva->   'living'   --
10.236, 10.308
LONG :   <dargam>   'long'   --
7.235
LONG :   <yâtâ>   'until, while, as long as'   --
7.156, 8.370, 9.382, 10.212
LOOK :   <di>   'see, look'   --
9.274
LORD :   <framâtar->   'lord, master'   --
9.74
MAGIAN :   <magu->   'Magian'   --
8.151, 8.305, 8.369, 8.415
MAKE :   <dâ>   'put, make, create'   --
9.18, 9.29, 9.32, 9.42
MAKE :   <kar>   'do, make'   --
7.65, 7.77, 7.94, 7.133, 7.162, 7.176, 7.199, 7.281, 7.293, 7.371, 8.18, 8.308, 9.54, 9.195, 9.229, 9.352, 9.371, 9.383, 9.384, 10.167, 10.168, 10.179, 10.190, 10.194, 10.213, 10.214
MAKE :   <taxsh>   'be active, build, carve, make'   --
7.374
MAN :   <kâra->   'man, person; the people'   --
7.201, 7.217, 7.260, 8.79, 8.109, 8.187, 8.213, 8.309, 8.320, 8.335
MAN :   <martiya->   'mortal, man, human being'   --
7.32, 7.372, 7.415, 8.150, 8.278, 8.404, 8.420, 9.31, 9.43, 9.305, 9.327, 10.272
MAN :   <zana->   'man'   --
9.104
MANY :   <cayakaram>   'how much, how many'   --
9.251
MANY :   <paru->   'much, many'   --
9.63, 9.73
MARCH :   <Viyaxna->   twelfth month of the Persian calendar, February - March   --
8.171
MASTER :   <framâtar->   'lord, master'   --
9.74
MAZDA :   <Auramazdâh->   'Ahura Mazda'   --
7.74, 7.117, 7.173, 7.219, 7.261, 7.292, 7.294, 7.320, 8.375, 8.384, 8.457, 8.461, 9.7, 9.163, 9.207, 9.363, 9.372, 9.393, 9.418, 9.428, 10.50, 10.61, 10.108, 10.145, 10.193, 10.202, 10.252, 10.261, 10.285, 10.295
MEDIA :   <Mâda->   'Media'   --
8.127, 8.232, 8.289, 8.443
MIDDLE :   <var>   active 'cover', middle 'choose, convince'   --
7.95, 7.189
MIGHTILY :   <darsham>   'greatly, mightily, steadfastly'   --
7.23, 8.311
MONTH :   <Bâgayâdi->   seventh month of the Persian calendar, September - October   --
8.387
MONTH :   <Garmapada->   fourth month of the Persian calendar, June - July   --
8.246
MONTH :   <Viyaxna->   twelfth month of the Persian calendar, February - March   --
8.171
MONTH :   <mâha->   'month'   --
8.172, 8.247, 8.395
MORTAL :   <martiya->   'mortal, man, human being'   --
7.32, 7.372, 7.415, 8.150, 8.278, 8.404, 8.420, 9.31, 9.43, 9.305, 9.327, 10.272
MOTHER :   <mâtar->   'mother'   --
8.60
MOUNTAIN :   <Arakadri->   a mountain in Persia   --
8.166
MOUNTAIN :   <kaufa->   'mountain'   --
8.168
MOVE :   <ar>   'move toward'   --
8.372
MUCH :   <cayakaram>   'how much, how many'   --
9.251
MUCH :   <paru->   'much, many'   --
9.63, 9.73
NAME :   <nâma>   'by name, named, called'   --
8.31, 8.58, 8.154, 8.167, 8.431, 8.434
NAMED :   <nâma>   'by name, named, called'   --
8.31, 8.58, 8.154, 8.167, 8.431, 8.434
NINE :   <IX>   'nine'   --
8.248
NISAYA :   <Nisâya->   'Nisaya'   --
8.433
NOT :   <naiy>   'not'   --
7.123, 7.160, 7.215, 7.258, 7.336, 7.339, 7.342, 7.352, 7.354, 7.366, 7.368, 8.87, 8.276, 8.286, 8.288, 8.290, 8.341, 8.355
NOW :   <nűram>   'now'   --
7.187
OCTOBER :   <Bâgayâdi->   seventh month of the Persian calendar, September - October   --
8.387
OF :   <hacâ>   'from, out of'   --
7.21, 8.157, 8.169, 8.217, 8.310, 9.329, 9.395
OFFERING :   <dâna->   'offering'   --
10.111
ONE :   <I>   'one'   --
8.149
ONE :   <aiva->   'one'   --
9.62, 9.72
OR :   <vâ>   'or'   --
7.419
ORDER :   <tya->   '(so/in order) that'   --
7.104, 8.90, 8.337, 9.243
OTHER :   <aniya->   'other'   --
7.305, 7.324, 8.136, 8.234, 10.157
OUT :   <hacâ>   'from, out of'   --
7.21, 8.157, 8.169, 8.217, 8.310, 9.329, 9.395
OVER :   <upariy>   'over, above, in accordance with'   --
7.356, 7.358, 10.39
OVER :   <yaud>   'rise up, bubble over'   --
9.175, 10.48
PAISHIYAUVADA :   <Paishiyâuvâdâ->   'Paishiyauvada'   --
8.158
PARTICLE :   <apiy>   emphatic particle   --
9.123, 9.328
PAST :   <thakatay->   'past'   --
8.182, 8.250, 8.398
PEACE :   <shiyati->   'welfare, peace, happiness'   --
9.41
PEOPLE :   <kâra->   'man, person; the people'   --
7.201, 7.217, 7.260, 8.79, 8.109, 8.187, 8.213, 8.309, 8.320, 8.335
PERSIA :   <Arakadri->   a mountain in Persia   --
8.166
PERSIA :   <Pârsa->   'Persia'   --
8.125, 8.230, 8.287, 9.330
PERSIAN :   <Bâgayâdi->   seventh month of the Persian calendar, September - October   --
8.387
PERSIAN :   <Garmapada->   fourth month of the Persian calendar, June - July   --
8.246
PERSIAN :   <Viyaxna->   twelfth month of the Persian calendar, February - March   --
8.171
PERSIAN :   <pârsa->   'Persian'   --
9.134, 9.135, 9.297, 9.326
PERSON :   <kâra->   'man, person; the people'   --
7.201, 7.217, 7.260, 8.79, 8.109, 8.187, 8.213, 8.309, 8.320, 8.335
PICTURE :   <patikara->   'picture, carved/incised likeness'   --
9.273
PIOUS :   <naiba->   'beautiful, pious'   --
10.178
PLACE :   <gâthu->   'place, throne, battlefield'   --
9.216, 9.276, 10.74
PLACE :   <shta>   'sit, set, place'   --
10.260, 10.293
POSSESSING :   <tunuvat->   'possessing power'   --
7.369
POWER :   <tunuvat->   'possessing power'   --
7.369
PRAY :   <jad>   'pray, ask'   --
9.419
PREVIOUS :   <paruva->   'before, previous'   --
7.154
PREVIOUSLY :   <paruvam>   'previously, before'   --
10.96, 10.133
PROHIBITION :   <mâ>   (expresses prohibition)   --
7.104, 7.203, 7.273, 7.430, 8.337, 10.130
PROTECT :   <pâ>   'protect'   --
7.31, 9.394
PUT :   <dâ>   'put, make, create'   --
9.18, 9.29, 9.32, 9.42
READ :   <parsa->   'examine, read'   --
7.91
REBELLIOUS :   <hamic*iya->   'rebellious'   --
8.215
RECORD :   <hadugâ->   'record, statute'   --
7.214, 7.249
REGION :   <dahyu->   'country, land, region'   --
7.49, 8.121, 8.137, 8.235, 8.442, 9.103, 9.254, 9.408, 10.37, 10.63, 10.86
REND :   <nâth>   'injure, rend'   --
7.388
RESPECT :   <pariy>   'toward, with respect to'   --
8.366, 10.250, 10.283
RESPECT :   <patiy>   'against, during, with respect to'   --
7.31, 7.91, 8.383, 9.241, 9.339, 10.121
REVERE :   <yad>   'revere, worship'   --
10.98, 10.131, 10.142, 10.146, 10.262, 10.296
REVERENT :   <brazmaniya->   'reverent'   --
10.155, 10.271, 10.305
RIGHTEOUS :   <artâvan->   'blessed, righteous'   --
10.239, 10.320
RIGHTEOUSNESS :   <arshtâ->   'righteousness, Truth'   --
7.357
RISE :   <yaud>   'rise up, bubble over'   --
9.175, 10.48
ROYAL :   <vith->   'house(hold), clan, royal court'   --
7.383, 9.405
ROYAL :   <xshâyathiya->   'royal, king'   --
7.7, 7.17, 7.61, 7.109, 7.145, 7.155, 7.186, 7.246, 7.277, 7.318, 7.401, 7.404, 8.14, 8.21, 8.45, 8.140, 8.275, 8.459, 9.53, 9.64, 9.84, 9.93, 9.94, 9.102, 9.112, 9.162, 9.187, 9.197, 9.264, 9.349, 10.14, 10.25
SAME :   <hama->   'same'   --
7.75, 7.134, 7.174, 7.289, 8.60, 8.61
SAY :   <thah>   'speak, say, declare'   --
7.5, 7.59, 7.107, 7.143, 7.177, 7.218, 7.244, 7.259, 7.275, 7.309, 7.399, 8.5, 8.138, 8.273, 8.358, 9.153, 9.227, 9.340, 10.5
SECURE :   <duruva->   'durable, stable, firm, secure'   --
7.50
SEE :   <di>   'see, look'   --
9.274
SEE :   <vaina->   'see'   --
9.172
SEED :   <cic*a->   'seed, lineage'   --
9.145
SEIZE :   <dî>   'take, seize'   --
8.448
SEIZE :   <grab>   'seize, grab'   --
8.245, 8.261
SELF-INFLICTED :   <uvâmarshiyu->   'self-inflicted death'   --
8.264
SEPTEMBER :   <Bâgayâdi->   seventh month of the Persian calendar, September - October   --
8.387
SET :   <shiyu>   'set out, go'   --
8.103, 8.107, 8.228
SET :   <shta>   'sit, set, place'   --
10.260, 10.293
SEVENTH :   <Bâgayâdi->   seventh month of the Persian calendar, September - October   --
8.387
SHE :   <shi->   'she, this'   --
9.208, 10.73
SIKAYAUVATI :   <Sikayauvati->   'Sikayauvati'   --
8.430
SIT :   <had>   'sit'   --
9.217, 10.75
SIT :   <shta>   'sit, set, place'   --
10.260, 10.293
SKY :   <asman->   'sky'   --
9.21
SLAY :   <jan>   'smite, strike, slay'   --
8.74, 8.78, 8.92, 8.322, 8.336, 8.416, 8.445, 9.339, 10.72
SMERDIS :   <Bardiya->   'Bardiya', known from Greek sources as Smerdis   --
8.57, 8.73, 8.77, 8.91, 8.198, 8.325, 8.342
SMITE :   <jan>   'smite, strike, slay'   --
8.74, 8.78, 8.92, 8.322, 8.336, 8.416, 8.445, 9.339, 10.72
SMITER :   <jatar->   'smiter'   --
7.262
SO :   <tya->   '(so/in order) that'   --
7.104, 8.90, 8.337, 9.243
SON :   <puc*a->   'son'   --
8.33, 8.202, 8.353, 9.132, 9.143
SOURCES :   <Bardiya->   'Bardiya', known from Greek sources as Smerdis   --
8.57, 8.73, 8.77, 8.91, 8.198, 8.325, 8.342
SOVEREIGNTY :   <xshac*a->   'kingship, sovereignty, kingdom'   --
8.236, 8.253, 8.306, 8.446, 8.462
SPEAK :   <thah>   'speak, say, declare'   --
7.5, 7.59, 7.107, 7.143, 7.177, 7.218, 7.244, 7.259, 7.275, 7.309, 7.399, 8.5, 8.138, 8.273, 8.358, 9.153, 9.227, 9.340, 10.5
SPEAR :   <arshti->   'spear, weapon'   --
9.307
SPEED :   <ranga->   'speed, haste'   --
7.118
STABLE :   <duruva->   'durable, stable, firm, secure'   --
7.50
STATUTE :   <hadugâ->   'record, statute'   --
7.214, 7.249
STEADFASTLY :   <darsham>   'greatly, mightily, steadfastly'   --
7.23, 8.311
STRIKE :   <jan>   'smite, strike, slay'   --
8.74, 8.78, 8.92, 8.322, 8.336, 8.416, 8.445, 9.339, 10.72
SUPPORT :   <dar>   'hold, support'   --
9.272
SUPPORT :   <upastâ->   'aid, support'   --
7.295, 7.321, 8.385, 9.373, 10.51, 10.203
TAKE :   <dâ>   'give, take'   --
8.307, 9.429
TAKE :   <dî>   'take, seize'   --
8.448
TEN :   <X>   'ten'   --
8.396
THAT :   <ava->   'this, that'   --
7.36, 7.158, 7.319, 7.384, 7.389, 7.429, 8.47, 8.72, 8.220, 8.295, 8.327, 8.412, 9.20, 9.228, 9.253, 9.360, 10.110, 10.169, 10.248, 10.274
THAT :   <tya->   '(so/in order) that'   --
7.104, 8.90, 8.337, 9.243
THAT :   <tya->   'he, this, that'   --
7.146, 8.304, 8.368, 8.414, 10.88
THAT :   <tya->   'who, which; that'   --
7.63, 7.92, 7.190, 7.279, 7.307, 7.333, 8.16, 8.339, 8.418, 9.218, 9.262, 9.275, 9.351, 10.16, 10.38, 10.166, 10.181, 10.251, 10.284
THAT :   <tya->   (corrupt form) 'that'   --
10.132
THEN :   <ada>   'then'   --
9.294, 9.316
THEN :   <avadâ>   'then, there'   --
8.170, 8.444, 9.285, 10.143
THEN :   <avatha>   'thus, then'   --
7.47, 7.200, 8.188, 8.252, 8.400
THERE :   <avadâ>   'then, there'   --
8.170, 8.444, 9.285, 10.143
THINK :   <man>   'think'   --
7.48, 7.106, 9.242, 10.226
THIS :   <a->   'this'   --
7.75, 7.134, 7.174, 7.289, 9.113
THIS :   <aita->   'he, this'   --
9.350, 9.409, 9.420, 10.29, 10.85, 10.180
THIS :   <ava->   'this, that'   --
7.36, 7.158, 7.319, 7.384, 7.389, 7.429, 8.47, 8.72, 8.220, 8.295, 8.327, 8.412, 9.20, 9.228, 9.253, 9.360, 10.110, 10.169, 10.248, 10.274
THIS :   <di->   'this'   --
9.183
THIS :   <hauv->   'he, this'   --
8.43, 8.155, 8.186, 8.237, 10.306
THIS :   <ima->   'he, this'   --
7.62, 7.89, 7.121, 7.206, 7.248, 7.278, 8.15, 9.9, 9.173, 9.407
THIS :   <sa->   'he, this'   --
8.418
THIS :   <sha->   'he, this'   --
8.170, 8.309, 8.444, 8.446, 9.218
THIS :   <shi->   'she, this'   --
9.208, 10.73
THIS :   <tya->   'he, this, that'   --
7.146, 8.304, 8.368, 8.414, 10.88
THRONE :   <gâthu->   'place, throne, battlefield'   --
9.216, 9.276, 10.74
THUS :   <avatha>   'thus, then'   --
7.47, 7.200, 8.188, 8.252, 8.400
THUS :   <avâ>   'thus, as'   --
7.159
TOGETHER :   <hadâ>   'with, together with'   --
8.402
TOGETHER :   <ham>   'together'   --
7.374
TOWARD :   <abiy>   'to, toward, against'   --
8.219
TOWARD :   <ar>   'move toward'   --
8.372
TOWARD :   <fra>   'to, toward, forth'   --
8.464, 9.185
TOWARD :   <pariy>   'toward, with respect to'   --
8.366, 10.250, 10.283
TREACHEROUS :   <arika->   'treacherous, evil, hostile'   --
7.337, 8.110
TRUE :   <hashiya->   'true'   --
7.122
TRUTH :   <arshtâ->   'righteousness, Truth'   --
7.357
TRUTH :   <arta->   'Truth'   --
10.154, 10.270, 10.304
TURN :   <vart>   'turn'   --
7.119
TWELFTH :   <Viyaxna->   twelfth month of the Persian calendar, February - March   --
8.171
UNTIL :   <yâtâ>   'until, while, as long as'   --
7.156, 8.370, 9.382, 10.212
UP :   <ud>   'up'   --
8.156, 8.185
UP :   <yaud>   'rise up, bubble over'   --
9.175, 10.48
USED :   <diy>   (used for emphasis)   --
7.433
UTTERLY :   <vasiy>   'greatly, utterly'   --
7.232, 8.122, 8.321
WALL :   <didâ->   'fortress, wall'   --
8.432
WARDS :   <pasâva>   'after(wards)'   --
8.19, 8.63, 8.93, 8.108, 8.119, 8.141, 8.212, 8.262, 8.373, 9.183, 10.49, 10.99
WEAK :   <shkauri->   'weak'   --
7.367
WEAPON :   <arshti->   'spear, weapon'   --
9.307
WELFARE :   <shiyati->   'welfare, peace, happiness'   --
9.41
WELL :   <u>   'well, good'   --
7.37, 7.385, 7.390, 7.433
WELL-BORN :   <bartam>   'well-born'   --
7.385
WHAT :   <hya->   'who, what, which'   --
7.18, 7.33, 7.80, 7.373, 7.387, 7.412, 7.416, 7.419, 8.200, 8.294, 8.323, 8.351, 9.8, 9.19, 9.30, 9.33, 9.51, 10.217, 10.273
WHEN :   <yadiy>   'if, when'   --
7.39, 7.205, 7.247, 8.184, 9.241, 10.226
WHEN :   <yathâ>   'as, when, because'   --
7.120, 7.170, 7.335, 8.20, 8.75, 8.104, 9.164, 9.230, 10.15
WHERE :   <yadâ>   'where'   --
10.88, 10.132
WHICH :   <hya->   'who, what, which'   --
7.18, 7.33, 7.80, 7.373, 7.387, 7.412, 7.416, 7.419, 8.200, 8.294, 8.323, 8.351, 9.8, 9.19, 9.30, 9.33, 9.51, 10.217, 10.273
WHICH :   <tya->   'who, which; that'   --
7.63, 7.92, 7.190, 7.279, 7.307, 7.333, 8.16, 8.339, 8.418, 9.218, 9.262, 9.275, 9.351, 10.16, 10.38, 10.166, 10.181, 10.251, 10.284
WHILE :   <yâtâ>   'until, while, as long as'   --
7.156, 8.370, 9.382, 10.212
WHO :   <hya->   'who, what, which'   --
7.18, 7.33, 7.80, 7.373, 7.387, 7.412, 7.416, 7.419, 8.200, 8.294, 8.323, 8.351, 9.8, 9.19, 9.30, 9.33, 9.51, 10.217, 10.273
WHO :   <tya->   'who, which; that'   --
7.63, 7.92, 7.190, 7.279, 7.307, 7.333, 8.16, 8.339, 8.418, 9.218, 9.262, 9.275, 9.351, 10.16, 10.38, 10.166, 10.181, 10.251, 10.284
WIDE :   <vi>   'wide, apart'   --
7.388, 10.119
WILL :   <vashna->   'will, favor'   --
7.73, 7.172, 7.291, 8.449, 9.206, 9.362, 10.60, 10.100, 10.192
WISH :   <kâma->   'wish, desire'   --
9.239
WITHIN :   <atar>   'within, among'   --
10.28, 10.84
WORSHIP :   <yad>   'revere, worship'   --
10.98, 10.131, 10.142, 10.146, 10.262, 10.296
XERXES :   <Xshayârshan->   'Xerxes'   --
10.6
YEAR :   <thard->   'autumn, year'   --
7.76, 7.135, 7.175, 7.290
YOU :   <tuvam->   'you'   --
7.15, 7.78, 7.103, 7.188, 7.220, 7.230, 7.261, 7.264, 7.402, 9.294, 9.316, 10.215