Old Iranian Online

This Master Glossary page lists, in an alphabetical order suitable to the language and the script employed for it, every unique word form that appears in lesson texts and, for each word, its unique glosses. In addition to the gloss information, sans contextual translation, links are provided to every appearance, in every numbered lesson, of the word/gloss in question. With this index one may perform a quick "word look-up" and, in addition, study how words are used in context by clicking on their links.

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aita

demonstrative pronoun; nominative singular neuter <aita-> 'he, this' -- 9.350, 9.409, 10.180

aitamaiy

demonstrative pronoun; nominative singular neuter <aita-> 'he, this' + personal pronoun; genitive singular <adam> 'I' -- 9.420

aitâ

demonstrative pronoun; accusative plural feminine <aita-> 'he, this' -- 10.29

aitâ

demonstrative pronoun; nominative plural feminine <aita-> 'he, this' -- 10.85

aivam

adjective; accusative singular masculine <aiva-> 'one' -- 9.62, 9.72

Auramazdahâ

proper name; genitive singular masculine <Auramazdâh-> 'Ahura Mazda' -- 10.61, 10.108, 10.193

Auramazdâ

proper name; nominative singular masculine <Auramazdâh-> 'Ahura Mazda' -- 7.219, 7.320, 8.461, 9.7, 9.163, 9.393, 9.428, 10.50, 10.252, 10.285

Auramazdâtay

proper name; nominative singular masculine <Auramazdâh-> 'Ahura Mazda' + personal pronoun; genitive singular <tuvam-> 'you' -- 7.261

Auramazdâm

proper name; accusative singular masculine <Auramazdâh-> 'Ahura Mazda' -- 8.375, 9.418, 10.145, 10.261, 10.295

Auramazdâmaiy

proper name; nominative singular masculine <Auramazdâh-> 'Ahura Mazda' + enclitic personal pronoun; accusative singular <adam> 'I' -- 7.294, 8.384

Auramazdâmaiy

proper name; nominative singular masculine <Auramazdâh-> 'Ahura Mazda' + personal pronoun; genitive singular <adam> 'I' -- 9.372, 10.202

Auramazdâha

proper name; genitive singular masculine <Auramazdâh-> 'Ahura Mazda' -- 7.74, 7.117, 7.173, 7.292, 8.457

Auramazdâhâ

proper name; genitive singular masculine <Auramazdâh-> 'Ahura Mazda' -- 9.207, 9.363

akariya

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative passive <kar> 'do, make' -- 10.168

akunaush

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative active <kar> 'do, make' -- 9.54, 9.195

akunava

verb; 3rd person plural imperfect indicative middle <kar> 'do, make' -- 9.229

akunavam

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <kar> 'do, make' -- 7.65, 7.77, 7.133, 7.281, 7.293, 7.371, 9.371, 9.384, 10.179, 10.190, 10.194, 10.214

agarbâyatâ

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative causative middle <grab> 'seize, grab' -- 8.245, 8.261

ajanam

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <jan> 'smite, strike, slay' -- 10.72

atar

preposition; <atar> 'within, among' -- 10.28, 10.84

atarsa

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <tars> 'fear, be afraid' -- 8.312

athaham

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <thah> 'speak, say, declare' -- 9.227

adataiy

adverb; <ada> 'then' + enclitic personal pronoun; genitive singular <tuvam-> 'you' -- 9.294, 9.316

adam

personal pronoun; nominative singular <adam> 'I' -- 7.64, 7.132, 7.280, 7.353, 8.197, 8.340, 8.371, 8.374, 8.401, 8.447, 8.458, 9.82, 9.196, 9.226, 9.410, 10.17, 10.71, 10.109, 10.144, 10.170, 10.182

adamshim

personal pronoun; nominative singular <adam> 'I' + enclitic pronoun; accusative singular feminine <shi-> 'she, this' -- 9.208

adarshnaush

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative active <dars> 'dare' -- 8.356

adâ

verb; 3rd person singular aorist indicative active <dâ> 'put, make, create' -- 9.18, 9.29, 9.32, 9.42

adânâ

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect middle <xshnâ> 'learn, know' -- 8.326

adâraya

verb; 3rd person singular present indicative middle causative <dar> 'hold, support' -- 9.272

adînam

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <dî> 'take, seize' -- 8.448

adurujiya

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative middle <drug-> 'lie, deceive' -- 8.196

aniyashca

adjective; nominative singular neuter <aniya-> 'other' + conjunction; <ca> 'and, but' -- 10.157

aniyâ

adjective; nominative plural feminine <aniya-> 'other' -- 8.234

aniyâuvâ

adjective; locative plural feminine <aniya-> 'other' -- 8.136

aniyâha

adjective; nominative plural masculine <aniya-> 'other' -- 7.305, 7.324

anushiyâ

noun; nominative plural masculine <anushiya-> 'follower, ally' -- 8.428

apagaudaya

preposition; <apa> 'away' + verb; 2nd person singular present subjunctive active <gud> 'hide' -- 7.204

apagaudayâhy

preposition; <apa> 'away' + verb; 2nd person singular present subjunctive causative active <gud> 'hide' -- 7.216, 7.250

apara

adjective; nominative singular masculine <apara-> 'later, after' -- 10.225

aparam

adverb; <aparam> 'after' -- 7.19, 7.88, 7.413

aparsam

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <frath> 'ask, inquire, investigate, indict' -- 7.398

abara

verb; 3rd person plural imperfect indicative active <bar> 'bear, carry' -- 7.303, 7.322, 8.386

abara

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <bar> 'bear, carry' -- 9.374, 10.59, 10.204

abaram

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <bar> 'bear, carry' -- 7.386

abava

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <bu> 'be, become' -- 8.89, 8.111, 8.123, 8.216

abavam

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <bu> 'be, become' -- 8.29, 8.460, 10.26

abiy

preposition; <abiy> 'to, toward, against' -- 8.219

amariyatâ

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <mar> 'die' -- 8.265

amâxam

personal pronoun; genitive plural <adam> 'I' -- 8.34, 8.291

amiy

verb; 1st person singular present indicative active <ah> 'be' -- 8.199, 8.350, 9.205

ayauda

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <yaud> 'rise up, bubble over' -- 10.48

ayadaiy

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative middle <yad> 'revere, worship' -- 10.146

ayadiya

verb; 3rd person plural imperfect indicative passive <yad> 'revere, worship' -- 10.98, 10.142

Arakadrish

geographic name; nominative singular masculine <Arakadri-> a mountain in Persia -- 8.166

arasam

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <ar> 'move toward' -- 8.372

arika

adjective; nominative singular masculine <arika-> 'treacherous, evil, hostile' -- 7.337, 8.110

ariya

adjective; nominative singular masculine <ariya-> 'Aryan' -- 9.144

ariyacic*a

adjective; <ariya-> 'Aryan' + noun; nominative singular masculine <cic*a-> 'seed, lineage' -- 9.145

artâcâ

noun; instrumental singular neuter <arta-> 'Truth' + conjunction; <ca> 'and, but' -- 10.154, 10.270, 10.304

artâvâ

adjective; nominative singular masculine <artâvan-> 'blessed, righteous' -- 10.239, 10.320

arshtâm

noun; accusative singular feminine <arshtâ-> 'righteousness, Truth' -- 7.357

arshtish

noun; nominative singular feminine <arshti-> 'spear, weapon' -- 9.307

ava

demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular neuter <ava-> 'this, that' -- 9.228

ava

demonstrative pronoun; nominative singular neuter <ava-> 'this, that' -- 9.360, 10.169

ava

preposition; <ava> 'away, down' -- 10.62

avaina

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <vaina-> 'see' -- 9.172

avaiy

demonstrative pronoun; accusative plural masculine <ava-> 'this, that' -- 7.429

avaishâm

demonstrative pronoun; genitive plural masculine <ava-> 'this, that' -- 7.158

avajata

verbal prefix; <ava> 'away, down' + verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <jan> 'smite, strike, slay' -- 8.92

avathâ

adverb; <avatha> 'thus, then' -- 7.47, 7.200, 8.188, 8.252, 8.400

avadasha

adverb; <avadâ> 'then, there' + enclitic demonstrative pronoun; ablative singular masculine <sha-> 'he, this' -- 8.170

avadashim

adverb; <avadâ> 'then, there' + enclitic demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular masculine <sha-> 'he, this' -- 8.444

avadâ

adverb; <avadâ> 'then, there' -- 9.285, 10.143

avanâ

demonstrative pronoun; instrumental singular neuter <ava-> 'this, that' -- 10.248, 10.274

avam

demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular masculine <ava-> 'this, that' -- 7.36, 7.384, 7.389, 8.72, 8.220, 8.295, 8.412, 9.20

avam

demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular neuter <ava-> 'this, that' -- 10.110

avahyarâdiy

demonstrative pronoun; genitive singular masculine <ava-> 'this, that' + adverb; <râdiy> 'on account of' -- 7.319, 8.327

avahyâ

demonstrative pronoun; genitive singular masculine <ava-> 'this, that' -- 8.47

avâ

adverb; <avâ> 'thus, as' -- 7.159

avâ

relative pronoun; nominative plural feminine <ava-> 'this, that' -- 9.253

avâja

verbal prefix; <ava> 'away, down' + verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <jan> 'smite, strike, slay' -- 8.74, 8.78

avâjanam

verbal prefix; <ava> 'away, down' + verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <jan> 'smite, strike, slay' -- 8.416, 8.445

avâjaniyâ

verbal prefix; <ava> 'away, down' + verb; 3rd person singular present optative active <jan> 'smite, strike, slay' -- 8.322, 8.336

astiy

verb; 3rd person singular present indicative active <ah> 'be' -- 7.161, 10.27

asmânam

noun; accusative singular masculine <asman-> 'sky' -- 9.21

ashiyava

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <shiyu> 'set out, go' -- 8.103, 8.107, 8.228

azdâ

adverb; <azdâ> 'known' -- 8.88, 9.295, 9.317

ahatiy

verb; 3rd person singular present subjunctive active <ah> 'be' -- 7.35, 7.51, 7.418, 7.421

ahaniy

verb; 1st person singular present subjunctive active <ah> 'be' -- 10.228, 10.240

ahyâyâ

demonstrative pronoun; locative singular feminine <a-> 'this' -- 9.113

âha

verb; 3rd person plural imperfect indicative active <ah> 'be' -- 7.157, 8.183, 8.251, 8.399, 9.252

âha

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative active <ah> 'be' -- 8.46, 8.59, 8.152, 8.277, 9.240, 10.87, 10.165

âhatâ

verb; 3rd person plural imperfect indicative middle <ah> 'be' -- 8.429

âham

verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <ah> 'be' -- 7.338, 7.341, 7.351

âhy

verb; 2nd person singular present subjunctive active <ah> 'be' -- 7.20, 7.414

idâ

adverb; <idâ> 'here' -- 8.44

ima

demonstrative pronoun; nominative singular neuter <ima-> 'he, this' -- 7.62, 7.121, 7.278, 8.15

imâm

demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular feminine <ima-> 'he, this' -- 7.89, 7.206, 7.248, 9.407

imâm

demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular masculine <ima-> 'he, this' -- 9.9, 9.173

utashim

conjunctive particle; <utâ> 'and' + enclitic pronoun; accusative singular feminine <shi-> 'she, this' -- 10.73

utâ

conjunction; <utâ> 'and' -- 7.234, 7.304, 7.323, 8.124, 8.126, 8.128, 8.229, 8.231, 8.233, 8.417, 9.406, 10.83, 10.120, 10.156, 10.237, 10.294, 10.307, 10.318

utâtaiy

conjunctive particle; <utâ> 'and' + personal pronoun; genitive singular <tuvam-> 'you' -- 7.230, 7.264

utâmaiy

conjunctive particle; <utâ> 'and' + personal pronoun; genitive singular <adam> 'I' -- 9.397

udapatatâ

verbal prefix; <ud> 'up' + verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <pat> 'fly, fall' -- 8.156, 8.185

upariy

adverb; <upariy> 'over, above, in accordance with' -- 7.356, 10.39

upariyâyam

adverb; <upariy> 'over, above, in accordance with' + verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <i> 'go' -- 7.358

upastâm

noun; accusative singular feminine <upastâ-> 'aid, support' -- 7.295, 7.321, 8.385, 9.373, 10.51, 10.203

ufrashtam

adverb; <u> 'well, good' + past participle passive; accusative singular masculine <frath> 'ask, inquire, investigate, indict' -- 7.37, 7.390

ufrashtâdiy

adverb; <u> 'well, good' + past participle passive; accusative singular masculine <frath> 'ask, inquire, investigate, indict' + emphatic particle; <diy> (used for emphasis) -- 7.433

ubartam

prefix; <u> 'well, good' + adverb; <bartam> 'well-born' -- 7.385

uvâmarshiyush

adjective; nominative singular masculine <uvâmarshiyu-> 'self-inflicted death' -- 8.264

I

Roman numeral; <I> 'one' -- 8.149

IX

Roman numeral; <IX> 'nine' -- 8.248

kaufa

noun; nominative singular masculine <kaufa-> 'mountain' -- 8.168

Kabûjiya

proper name; nominative singular masculine <Kambûjiya-> 'Cambyses' -- 8.30, 8.64, 8.76, 8.94, 8.105, 8.263

Kabûjiyahyâ

proper name; genitive singular masculine <Kambûjiya-> 'Cambyses' -- 8.48, 8.62, 8.203

Kabûjiyâ

proper name; ablative singular masculine <Kambûjiya-> 'Cambyses' -- 8.218

kamnaibish

adjective; instrumental plural masculine <kamna-> 'few' -- 8.403

kartam

past participle passive; accusative singular neuter <kar> 'do, make' -- 9.383, 10.213

kartam

past participle passive; nominative singular neuter <kar> 'do, make' -- 7.94, 7.162, 7.176, 7.199, 8.18, 9.352

kashciy

indefinite pronoun; nominative singular masculine <kashciy-> 'any, anyone, anything' -- 8.293, 8.354

kâ

particle; <kâ> (denotes generalization) -- 7.16, 7.79, 7.403, 10.216

kâma

noun; nominative singular masculine <kâma-> 'wish, desire' -- 9.239

kâra

noun; nominative singular masculine <kâra-> 'man, person; the people' -- 8.109, 8.213

kâram

noun; accusative singular masculine <kâra-> 'man, person; the people' -- 8.320, 8.335

kârashim

noun; nominative singular masculine <kâra-> 'man, person; the people' + enclitic demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular masculine <sha-> 'he, this' -- 8.309

kârahyâ

noun; genitive singular masculine <kâra-> 'man, person; the people' -- 7.201, 7.217, 7.260, 8.79, 8.187

Kûraush

proper name; genitive singular masculine <Kûru-> 'Cyrus' -- 8.32, 8.201, 8.352

X

Roman numeral; <X> 'ten' -- 8.396

XIV

Roman numeral; <XIV> 'fourteen' -- 8.180

xsâyathiya

noun; nominative singular masculine <xshâyathiya-> 'royal, king' -- 7.61

xshac*am

noun; accusative singular neuter <xshac*a-> 'kingship, sovereignty, kingdom' -- 8.236, 8.253, 8.306, 8.462

xshac*amshim

noun; accusative singular neuter <xshac*a-> 'kingship, sovereignty, kingdom' + enclitic demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular masculine <sha-> 'he, this' -- 8.446

Xshayârshâ

proper name; nominative singular masculine <Xshayârshan-> 'Xerxes' -- 10.6

xshâyathiya

noun; nominative singular masculine <xshâyathiya-> 'royal, king' -- 7.7, 7.17, 7.109, 7.145, 7.186, 7.246, 7.277, 7.318, 7.401, 7.404, 8.14, 8.21, 8.45, 8.140, 8.275, 8.459, 9.84, 9.93, 9.102, 9.112, 9.162, 9.197, 9.264, 9.349, 10.14, 10.25

xshâyathiyam

noun; accusative singular masculine <xshâyathiya-> 'royal, king' -- 9.53, 9.64, 9.187

xshâyathiyâ

noun; instrumental singular masculine <xshâyathiya-> 'royal, king' -- 7.155

xshâyathiyânâm

noun; genitive plural masculine <xshâyathiya-> 'royal, king' -- 9.94

xshnâsâtiy

verb; 3rd person singular present subjunctive active <xshnâ> 'learn, know' -- 8.338

xshnâsâhy

verb; 2nd person singular present subjunctive active <xshnâ> 'learn, know' -- 9.286

Gaumâta

proper name; nominative singular masculine <Gaumâta-> 'Gaumata' -- 8.153

Gaumâtam

proper name; accusative singular masculine <Gaumâta-> 'Gaumata' -- 8.296, 8.367, 8.413

Garmapadahya

proper name; genitive singular masculine <Garmapada-> fourth month of the Persian calendar, June - July -- 8.246

gastâ

noun; ablative singular neuter <gasta-> 'evil, harm' -- 9.396

gâthavâ

noun; locative singular feminine <gâthu-> 'place, throne, battlefield' -- 9.216, 10.74

gâthum

noun; accusative singular feminine <gâthu-> 'place, throne, battlefield' -- 9.276

caxriyâ

verb; 3rd person singular perfect optative causative active <kar> 'do, make' -- 8.308

ciyakaram

adverb; <cayakaram> 'how much, how many' -- 9.251

cishciy

indefinite pronoun; accusative singular masculine <kashciy-> 'any, anyone, anything' -- 8.357

jatâ

noun; nominative singular masculine <jatar-> 'smiter' -- 7.262

jadiyâmiy

verb; 1st person singular present indicative active <jad> 'pray, ask' -- 9.419

jîva

present active particle; nominative singular masculine <jiva-> 'living' -- 10.236, 10.308

jîvâ

noun; nominative singular feminine <jîvâ-> 'life' -- 7.236

taumâ

noun; nominative singular feminine <taumâ-> 'family' -- 7.231, 7.265, 7.355

taumâyâ

noun; genitive singular feminine <taumâ-> 'family' -- 8.35, 8.292

tunuvatam

noun; accusative singular masculine <tunuvat-> 'possessing power' -- 7.369

tuva

pronoun; nominative singular <tuvam-> 'you' -- 10.215

tuvam

personal pronoun; nominative singular masculine <tuvam-> 'you' -- 7.15, 7.78, 7.402

tya

relative conjunction; accusative singular neuter <tya-> '(so/in order) that' -- 8.90, 9.243

tya

relative pronoun; <tya-> 'who, which; that' -- 10.16, 10.166

tya

relative pronoun; accusative singular neuter <tya-> 'who, which; that' -- 7.63, 7.279, 8.339, 10.181, 10.251, 10.284

tya

relative pronoun; nominative singular neuter <tya-> 'who, which; that' -- 7.92, 7.190, 8.16, 9.351

tyaiy

demonstrative pronoun; instrumental plural masculine <tya-> 'he, this, that' -- 7.146

tyaiy

relative pronoun; accusative plural masculine <tya-> 'who, which; that' -- 9.275

tyaiy

relative pronoun; accusative singular neuter <tya-> 'who, which; that' -- 10.38

tyaiy

relative pronoun; nominative plural masculine <tya-> 'who, which; that' -- 7.307, 7.333

tyaishaiy

relative pronoun; nominative plural masculine <tya-> 'who, which; that' + enclitic pronoun; genitive singular masculine <sa-> 'he, this' -- 8.418

tyam

demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular masculine <tya-> 'he, this, that' -- 8.304, 8.368, 8.414

tyashâm

relative pronoun; accusative singular neuter <tya-> 'who, which; that' + enclitic demonstrative pronoun; genitive plural masculine <sha-> 'he, this' -- 9.218

tyâ

relative pronoun; nominative plural feminine <tya-> 'who, which; that' -- 9.262

thakatâ

adjective; nominative plural neuter <thakatay-> 'past' -- 8.182, 8.250, 8.398

tharda

noun; genitive singular feminine <thard-> 'autumn, year' -- 7.76, 7.135, 7.175, 7.290

thastanaiy

infinitive; <thah> 'speak, say, declare' -- 8.358

thâtiy

verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative active <thah> 'speak, say, declare' -- 7.59, 7.107, 7.143, 7.177, 7.244, 7.275, 7.309, 7.399, 8.5, 8.138, 8.273, 9.153, 9.340, 10.5

thâtiy

verb; 3rd person singular present indicative active <thah> 'speak, say, declare' -- 7.5

thâhy

verb; 2nd person singular present indicative active <thah> 'speak, say, declare' -- 7.218, 7.259

thuvâm

personal pronoun; accusative singular masculine <tuvam-> 'you' -- 7.103, 7.188, 7.220

daivadânam

noun; <daiva-> 'daiva' + noun; accusative singular neuter <dâna-> 'offering' -- 10.111

daivâ

noun; accusative plural masculine <daiva-> 'daiva' -- 10.97, 10.122, 10.134

daushtâ

noun; nominative singular masculine <daushtar-> 'friend' -- 7.228, 7.431

dadâtuv

verb; 3rd person singular present imperative active <dâ> 'give, take' -- 9.429

dargam

adverb; <dargam> 'long' -- 7.235

darsham

adverb; <darsham> 'greatly, mightily, steadfastly' -- 7.23, 8.311

dahyauvâ

noun; locative singular feminine <dahyu-> 'country, land, region' -- 8.121

dahyâum

noun; accusative singular feminine <dahyu-> 'country, land, region' -- 9.408

dahyâush

noun; nominative singular feminine <dahyu-> 'country, land, region' -- 8.442

dahyâushmaiy

noun; nominative singular feminine <dahyu-> 'country, land, region' + personal pronoun; genitive singular masculine <adam> 'I' -- 7.49

dahyâva

noun; accusative plural feminine <dahyu-> 'country, land, region' -- 10.37, 10.86

dahyâva

noun; nominative plural feminine <dahyu-> 'country, land, region' -- 8.235, 9.254

dahyâvam

noun; accusative singular feminine <dahyu-> 'country, land, region' -- 10.63

dahyushuvâ

noun; locative plural feminine <dahyu-> 'country, land, region' -- 8.137

dahyûnâm

noun; genitive plural feminine <dahyu-> 'country, land, region' -- 9.103

dâtâ

noun; accusative plural neuter <dâta-> 'law' -- 10.249, 10.282

Dârayavaum

proper name; accusative singular masculine <Dârayavahu-> 'Darius' -- 9.52

Dârayavaush

proper name; nominative singular masculine <Dârayavahu-> 'Darius' -- 7.6, 7.60, 7.108, 7.144, 7.185, 7.245, 7.276, 7.310, 7.400, 8.13, 8.139, 8.274, 9.83, 9.161, 9.263, 9.348

didâ

noun; nominative singular feminine <didâ-> 'fortress, wall' -- 8.432

dipim

noun; accusative singular feminine <dipi-> 'inscription' -- 7.90

dîtam

past participle passive; accusative singular neuter <dâ> 'give, take' -- 8.307

dîdiy

verb; 2nd person singular present imperative middle <di> 'see, look' -- 9.274

duruxtam

adjective; accusative singular neuter <duruxta-> 'false' -- 7.124

duruvâ

adjective; nominative singular feminine <duruva-> 'durable, stable, firm, secure' -- 7.50

dushkartam

adverb; <dush> 'difficult, bad, evil' + past participle passive; accusative singular masculine <kar> 'do, make' -- 10.167

dûraiapiy

adverb; <dûra> 'far' + enclitic particle; <apiy> emphatic particle -- 9.123

dûraiy

adverb; <dûraiy> 'afar, far away' -- 9.306

dûrayapiy

adverb; <dûra> 'far' + enclitic particle; <apiy> emphatic particle -- 9.328

drauga

noun; nominative singular masculine <drauga-> 'deceit, the Lie' -- 8.120

draugam

noun; accusative singular masculine <drauga-> 'deceit, the Lie' -- 7.105

draugâ

noun; ablative singular masculine <drauga-> 'deceit, the Lie' -- 7.22

draujana

adjective; nominative singular masculine <draujana-> 'deceitful, follower of the Lie' -- 7.34, 7.340, 7.417

naibam

adjective; accusative singular neuter <naiba-> 'beautiful, pious' -- 10.178

naimaiy

negative particle; <naiy> 'not' + enclitic personal pronoun; genitive singular <adam> 'I' -- 7.354

naiy

negative particle; <naiy> 'not' -- 7.123, 7.160, 7.215, 7.258, 7.336, 7.339, 7.342, 7.352, 7.366, 7.368, 8.87, 8.276, 8.286, 8.288, 8.290, 8.341, 8.355

nâma

adverb; <nâma> 'by name, named, called' -- 8.31, 8.58, 8.154, 8.167

nâmâ

adverb; <nâma> 'by name, named, called' -- 8.431, 8.434

nipishtâ

verbal prefix; <ni> 'down' + past participle passive; accusative plural feminine <paith> 'inscribe, engrave' -- 10.40

niyashâdayam

verbal prefix; <ni> 'down' + verb; 1st person singular present imperfect indicative active causative <had> 'sit' -- 9.217

niyashtâya

verbal prefix; <ni> 'down' + verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <shta> 'sit, set, place' -- 10.260

Nisâya

geographic name; nominative singular masculine <Nisâya-> 'Nisaya' -- 8.433

nîshâdayam

verbal prefix; <ni> 'down' + verb; 1st person singular present indicative active causative <had> 'sit' -- 10.75

nîshtâya

verbal prefix; <ni> 'down' + verb; 3rd person singular present indicative middle <shta> 'sit, set, place' -- 10.293

nûram

adverb; <nûram> 'now' -- 7.187

Paishiyâuvâdâyâ

geographic name; ablative singular feminine <Paishiyâuvâdâ-> 'Paishiyauvada' -- 8.158

patikarâ

noun; accusative plural masculine <patikara-> 'picture, carved/incised likeness' -- 9.273

patipayauvâ

prefix; <patiy> 'against, during, with respect to' + verb; 2nd person singular present imperative middle <pâ> 'protect' -- 7.31

patiparsâhy

prefix; <patiy> 'against, during, with respect to' + verb; 2nd person singular present subjunctive active <parsa-> 'examine, read' -- 7.91

patiyajatâ

verbal prefix; <patiy> 'against, during, with respect to' + verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <jan> 'smite, strike, slay' -- 9.339

patiyazbayam

verbal prefix; <patiy> 'against, during, with respect to' + verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active causative <zbâ-> 'call' -- 10.121

patiyâvahyaiy

preposition; <patiy> 'against, during, with respect to' + denominative; 1st person singular imperfect middle <avahya-> 'ask for help' -- 8.383

paranam

adverb; <paranam> 'before' -- 8.324

parâgmatâ

adverb; <parâ> 'forth, forward, beyond' + past participle passive; nominative singular feminine <gam> 'go' -- 9.315

pariy

adverb; <pariy> 'toward, with respect to' -- 8.366

pariyaita

verbal prefix; <pariy> 'toward, with respect to' + verb; 3rd person singular present indicative middle <ay> 'go' -- 10.283

parîdiy

verbal prefix; <pariy> 'toward, with respect to' + verb; 3rd person singular present imperative middle <ay> 'go' -- 10.250

paruvam

adverb; <paruvam> 'previously, before' -- 10.96, 10.133

paruvâ

adjective; instrumental singular masculine <paruva-> 'before, previous' -- 7.154

parûvnâm

adjective; genitive plural masculine <paru-> 'much, many' -- 9.63, 9.73

partaram

noun; accusative singular neuter <partara-> 'battle' -- 9.338

parsâ

verb; 2nd person singular present imperative <frath> 'ask, inquire, investigate, indict' -- 7.38

parsâ

verb; 2nd person singular present optative active <frath> 'ask, inquire, investigate, indict' -- 7.434

pasâva

adverb; <pasâva> 'after(wards)' -- 8.19, 8.63, 8.93, 8.108, 8.119, 8.141, 8.212, 8.262, 8.373, 10.99

pasâvadim

adverb; <pasâva> 'after(wards)' + enclitic demonstrative pronoun; accusative singular masculine <di-> 'this' -- 9.183

pasâvamaiy

adverb; <pasâva> 'after(wards)' + personal pronoun; genitive singular <adam> 'I' -- 10.49

pâtuv

verb; 3rd person singular present imperative active <pâ> 'protect' -- 9.394

pârsa

adjective; nominative singular masculine <pârsa-> 'Persian' -- 9.134, 9.326

Pârsa

geographic name; nominative singular masculine <Pârsa-> 'Persia' -- 8.230, 8.287

Pârsaiy

geographic name; locative singular masculine <Pârsa-> 'Persia' -- 8.125

pârsahyâ

adjective; genitive singular masculine <pârsa-> 'Persian' -- 9.135, 9.297

Pârsâ

geographic name; ablative singular masculine <Pârsa-> 'Persia' -- 9.330

puc*a

noun; nominative singular masculine <puc*a-> 'son' -- 8.33, 8.202, 8.353, 9.132, 9.143

fratamâ

adjective; nominative plural masculine <fratama-> 'first, foremost' -- 8.419

framâtâram

noun; accusative singular masculine <framâtar-> 'lord, master' -- 9.74

frâbara

verbal prefix; <fra> 'to, toward, forth' + verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative active <bar> 'bear, carry' -- 9.185

frâbara

verbal prefix; <fra> 'to, toward, forth' + verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <bar> 'bear, carry' -- 8.464

baga

noun; nominative singular masculine <baga-> 'god' -- 9.5

bagâha

noun; nominative plural masculine <baga-> 'god' -- 7.306, 7.332

baratiy

verb; 3rd person plural present indicative active <bar> 'bear, carry' -- 9.284

Bardiya

proper name; accusative singular masculine <Bardiya-> 'Bardiya', known from Greek sources as Smerdis -- 8.91

Bardiya

proper name; nominative singular masculine <Bardiya-> 'Bardiya', known from Greek sources as Smerdis -- 8.57, 8.198, 8.342

Bardiyam

proper name; accusative singular masculine <Bardiya-> 'Bardiya', known from Greek sources as Smerdis -- 8.73, 8.77, 8.325

bavatiy

verb; 1st person singular present indicative active <ah> 'be' -- 10.317, 10.328

bavâtiy

verb; 3rd person singular present subjunctive active <bu> 'be, become' -- 9.296, 9.318

Bâgayâdaish

proper name; genitive singular masculine <Bâgayâdi-> seventh month of the Persian calendar, September - October -- 8.387

biyâ

verb; 2nd person singular present optative active <bu> 'be, become' -- 7.432

biyâ

verb; 3rd person singular present optative active <bu> 'be, become' -- 7.229, 7.233, 7.263, 7.274

bûmim

noun; accusative singular feminine <bûmi-> 'earth' -- 9.17, 9.174

bûmiyâ

noun; locative singular feminine <bûmi-> 'earth' -- 9.114

brazmaniya

adjective; nominative singular masculine <brazmaniya-> 'reverent' -- 10.155, 10.271, 10.305

brâtâ

noun; nominative singular masculine <brâtar-> 'brother' -- 8.49, 8.204

magum

adjective; accusative singular masculine <magu-> 'Magian' -- 8.305, 8.369, 8.415

magush

adjective; nominative singular masculine <magu-> 'Magian' -- 8.151

manâ

personal pronoun; genitive singular <adam> 'I' -- 7.93, 7.171, 7.191, 8.17, 8.463

manâ

personal pronoun; genitive singular masculine <adam> 'I' -- 7.382, 9.184

maniyâhaiy

verb; 2nd person singular present subjunctive active <man> 'think' -- 7.48

maniyâhaiy

verb; 2nd person singular present subjunctive middle <man> 'think' -- 9.242

maniyâhay

verb; 2nd person singular present imperative middle <man> 'think' -- 7.106

marta

past participle passive; nominative singular masculine <mar> 'die' -- 10.238, 10.319

martiya

noun; nominative singular masculine <martiya-> 'mortal, man, human being' -- 7.32, 7.372, 7.415, 8.150, 8.278, 9.327, 10.272

martiyaibish

noun; instrumental plural masculine <martiya-> 'mortal, man, human being' -- 8.404

martiyam

noun; accusative singular masculine <martiya-> 'mortal, man, human being' -- 9.31

martiyahyâ

noun; genitive singular masculine <martiya-> 'mortal, man, human being' -- 9.43, 9.305

martiyâ

noun; nominative plural masculine <martiya-> 'mortal, man, human being' -- 8.420

mâ

injunctive particle; <mâ> (expresses prohibition) -- 7.203, 7.273, 7.430, 10.130

mâtya

injunctive particle; <mâ> (expresses prohibition) + relative conjunction; <tya-> '(so/in order) that' -- 7.104

mâtyamâm

injunctive particle; <mâ> (expresses prohibition) + relative conjunction; accusative singular neuter <tya-> '(so/in order) that' + personal pronoun; accusative singular <adam> 'I' -- 8.337

Mâda

geographic name; nominative singular masculine <Mâda-> 'Media' -- 8.232, 8.289

Mâdaiy

geographic name; locative singular masculine <Mâda-> 'Media' -- 8.127, 8.443

mâm

personal pronoun; accusative singular masculine <adam> 'I' -- 9.186, 9.231, 9.385

mâhyâ

noun; genitive singular masculine <mâha-> 'month' -- 8.172, 8.247, 8.395

Mudrâyam

geographic name; accusative singular masculine <Mudrâya-> 'Egypt' -- 8.95, 8.106

yaudatim

present participle active; accusative singular feminine <yaud> 'rise up, bubble over' -- 9.175

yathâ

adverbial conjunction; <yathâ> 'as, when, because' -- 7.120, 7.170, 7.335, 8.20, 8.75, 8.104, 9.164, 9.230, 10.15

yadaishâ

verb; 2nd person singular present optative middle <yad> 'revere, worship' -- 10.262

yadataiy

verb; 3rd person singular present indicative active <yad> 'revere, worship' -- 10.296

yadâtya

adverb; <yadâ> 'where' + demonstrative pronoun; <tya-> 'he, this, that' -- 10.88

yadâyâ

adverb; <yadâ> 'where' + <tya-> (corrupt form) 'that' -- 10.132

yadipatiy

relative adverb; <yadiy> 'if, when' + adverb; <patiy> 'against, during, with respect to' -- 9.241

yadimaniyâiy

relative adverb; <yadiy> 'if, when' + verb; 3rd person singular present indicative middle <man> 'think' -- 10.226

yadiy

adverb; <yadiy> 'if, when' -- 7.39, 7.205, 7.247, 8.184

yadiyaisha

verb; 3rd person plural present imperative passive <yad> 'revere, worship' -- 10.131

yâtâ

adverbial conjunction; <yâtâ> 'until, while, as long as' -- 7.156, 8.370, 9.382, 10.212

raucabish

noun; instrumental plural neuter <raucah-> 'day' -- 8.181, 8.249, 8.397

ragam

adverb; <ranga-> 'speed, haste' -- 7.118

râdiy

adverb; <râdiy> 'on account of' -- 7.202

vartaiyaiy

verb; 1st person singular present indicative causative middle <vart> 'turn' -- 7.119

varnavatâm

verb; 3rd person singular present imperative middle <var> active 'cover', middle 'choose, convince' -- 7.95, 7.189

vasiy

adverb; <vasiy> 'greatly, utterly' -- 7.232, 8.122, 8.321

vashnâ

noun; instrumental singular masculine <vashna-> 'will, favor' -- 7.73, 7.172, 7.291, 8.449, 9.206, 9.362, 10.60, 10.100, 10.192

vazraka

adjective; nominative singular masculine <vazraka-> 'great' -- 9.6, 9.85

vazrakâyâ

adjective; locative singular feminine <vazraka-> 'great' -- 9.122

vitham

noun; accusative singular feminine <vith-> 'house(hold), clan, royal court' -- 9.405

vithiyâ

noun; instrumental singular feminine <vith-> 'house(hold), clan, royal court' -- 7.383

viyakanam

verbal prefix; <vi> 'wide, apart' + verb; 1st person singular imperfect indicative active <kan> 'dig' -- 10.119

Viyaxnahya

proper name; genitive singular masculine <Viyaxna-> twelfth month of the Persian calendar, February - March -- 8.171

viyanâthaya

verbal prefix; <vi> 'wide, apart' + verb; <nâth> 'injure, rend' -- 7.388

visam

adjective; accusative singular masculine <visa-> 'all, every' -- 10.191

visam

adjective; accusative singular neuter <visa-> 'all, every' -- 9.361

vispazanânâm

adjective; <vispa-> 'all, every' + noun; genitive plural masculine <zana-> 'man' -- 9.104

Vishtâspahyâ

proper name; genitive singular masculine <Vishtâspa-> 'Hystaspes' -- 9.124

Sikayauvatish

geographic name; nominative singular masculine <Sikayauvati-> 'Sikayauvati' -- 8.430

shiyâta

adjective; nominative singular masculine <shiyâta-> 'happy' -- 10.227, 10.316

shiyâtim

noun; accusative singular feminine <shiyati-> 'welfare, peace, happiness' -- 9.41

shkaurim

noun; accusative singular masculine <shkauri-> 'weak' -- 7.367

zûra

noun; <zûra-> 'evil' -- 7.370

zûrakara

noun; nominative singular masculine <zûrakara-> 'evil-doer' -- 7.350, 7.420

hauv

demonstrative pronoun; nominative singular masculine <hauv-> 'he, this' -- 8.155, 8.186, 8.237, 10.306

hauvam

demonstrative pronoun; nominative singular masculine <hauv-> 'he, this' -- 8.43

haxâmanishiya

adjective; nominative singular masculine <haxâmanishiya-> 'Achaemenid' -- 9.133

hacâ

adposition; <hacâ> 'from, out of' -- 7.21, 8.157, 8.169, 8.217, 8.310, 9.329, 9.395

hatiy

verb; 3rd person plural present indicative active <ah> 'be' -- 7.308, 7.334

hadâ

preposition; <hadâ> 'with, together with' -- 8.402

hadugâm

noun; accusative singular feminine <hadugâ-> 'record, statute' -- 7.214, 7.249

hamataxshatâ

prefix; <ham> 'together' + verb; 3rd person singular imperfect indicative middle <taxsh> 'be active, build, carve, make' -- 7.374

hamapitâ

adverb; <hama-> 'same' + noun; masculine singular nominative <pîtar-> 'father' -- 8.61

hamahyâya

adjective; genitive singular masculine <hama-> 'same' + demonstrative pronoun; locative singular feminine <a-> 'this' -- 7.289

hamahyâyâ

adjective; genitive singular masculine <hama-> 'same' + demonstrative pronoun; locative singular feminine <a-> 'this' -- 7.75, 7.134, 7.174

hamâtâ

adverb; <hama-> 'same' + noun; feminine singular nominative <mâtar-> 'mother' -- 8.60

hamic*iya

adjective; nominative singular masculine <hamic*iya-> 'rebellious' -- 8.215

haruva

adjective; nominative singular masculine <haruva-> 'all' -- 8.214

hashiyam

adjective; accusative singular neuter <hashiya-> 'true' -- 7.122

hya

relative pronoun; nominative singular masculine <hya-> 'who, what, which' -- 7.18, 7.33, 7.80, 7.373, 7.387, 7.412, 7.416, 8.200, 8.294, 8.323, 8.351, 9.8, 9.19, 9.30, 9.33, 9.51, 10.217, 10.273

hyavâ

relative pronoun; nominative singular masculine <hya-> 'who, what, which' + conjunctive particle; <vâ> 'or' -- 7.419