Tocharian Online

This Base Form Dictionary index lists, in an alphabetical order suitable to the language and the script employed for it, every unique base form underlying one or more surface (word) forms in lesson texts. For each base form a general meaning (if any) is shown, along with links to every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the associated surface forms. With this index, one may click on any link to perform a quick "usage look-up," and thereby study how surface forms in texts are constructed from base forms.

A new, experimental feature is being introduced to these EIEOL lessons, namely the addition of pointers to Proto-Indo-European roots identified by Julius Pokorny in his monumental book, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (2 vols. Bern: Franke, 1959-1969; reprinted in 1989). Because Pokorny is becoming increasingly outdated, we plan to revise these links in the future; however, for the time being, this information might prove interesting to those who are curious about Indo-European etymology. Notice of potential error is always welcome.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (Romanized and Unicode 3) in the upper-left margin.

<akälyme>   under the control of   --

2.309

<akäṃtsune>   possession   --

2.100

<appärmāt>   despicable   --

1.213

<amok>   art, skill   --

2.7, 2.48, 2.54, 2.88, 2.117, 2.132, 2.327

<amokäts>   artist, artisan   --

2.22, 2.66

<amokṣi>   artistic   --

2.67

<ats>   (emphasizing particle), even, indeed   --

2.141, 2.257

<ākälṣäl>   (one) to be taught, student   --

2.97

<āral>   end (?)   --

2.286

<ārkiśoṣi>   world   --

1.306, 2.113

<ārwar>   ready   --

1.253

<ārṣal>   serpent   --

1.132, 1.161

<ālak>   other   --

1.232

<ālās>   slothful   --

1.266

<ālāsune>   sloth   --

1.236, 1.298

<āṣāṃ>   worthy   --

2.305

<āsuk>   over   --

1.177

<-k>   (emphatic particle), indeed, even   --

1.196, 2.70

<-ne>   (indefinite marker), (relative marker)   --

2.65, 2.223

<-m, -äm>   (pronominal suffix for 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons pl.) us, you, them   --

1.258, 1.270, 1.273, 1.284, 1.289, 2.73, 2.83, 2.86, 2.91, 2.102

<i->   go   --

1.85, 1.146, 1.151, 2.207

<ekrorñe>   poverty   --

1.187

<ents->   seize   --

2.284

<empele>   awful   --

1.175, 2.243

<el>   gift   --

2.303

<oki>   like, as   --

2.292

<oppal>   lotus   --

1.124, 1.126, 1.127

<omäskeṃ>   evil   --

2.244

<ort>   friend (?)   --

2.283

<ortune>   friendship   --

2.94

<olyi>   ship   --

1.95

<oṣeñi>   by night   --

2.220

<kappāñ>   (pl.) cotton plant (?)   --

1.271

<kayurṣ>   bull   --

2.291

<kalpavṛkäṣ>   "wish-tree"   --

1.252, 1.269

<kācke>   joy   --

2.90

<kārp->   step down to, descend   --

1.82, 1.128

<kāryap>   harm   --

1.230

<kāsu>   good   --

1.5, 1.59, 1.208, 2.20, 2.162

<kätk->   go beyond, exceed   --

1.164, 1.178, 1.200, 1.201, 1.207

<käm->   come   --

1.41

<kärṣt->   cut off   --

2.47

<kälk->   go   --

1.104, 1.108, 1.112, 1.129, 1.135, 2.310

<kälp>   attain   --

2.100

<kälp->   attain   --

1.17, 1.21, 1.184, 1.209, 2.95, 2.134

<kälyme>   direction, path, path to heaven   --

1.9, 2.23, 2.208

<käṣṣi>   teacher   --

2.121

<kuprene>   when, if   --

2.312

<kuma...>   ... (name of a type of metrical verse)   --

2.12

<k_uyalte>   because, for   --

1.244, 2.11

<kuryar>   commerce   --

2.180

<kursär>   mile, vehicle   --

1.131

<kusne>   which   --

2.200

<kosne>   as, as much (as), as often (as)   --

1.235

<kospreṃ>   how much?, how far?   --

2.63

<koṃ>   day, sun   --

1.101, 1.106, 1.110, 1.121

<kñuk>   neck   --

1.102

<krop->   gather   --

1.268, 2.29, 2.137, 2.138, 2.204, 2.217

<klu>   rice   --

1.249, 1.267, 1.283

<kluṃts>   thread   --

1.167

<klyu>   fame   --

1.6, 2.21

<cintāmaṇi>   'wish-jewel' (a type of precious stone)   --

1.181

<cwal>   beginning (?)   --

2.285

<Jambudvip>   Jambudvipa   --

1.97, 1.186

<ñātse>   hardship, danger   --

2.159

<ñäkci>   godly, heavenly   --

2.112

<ñemi>   jewel   --

1.93

<ñemiṣi>   related to jewels, of jewels   --

1.83

<ñom>   name   --

1.6, 2.21

<ñkät>   god   --

2.315

<tampewāts>   powerful   --

2.247

<taṃne>   so   --

2.122, 2.216

<tā->   set, lay   --

2.163, 2.187, 2.237

<tāk->   be   --

1.273, 1.289

<täpreṃ>   so (much)   --

1.226, 2.70

<täm->   beget, produce   --

2.89

<tämne>   so, thus   --

1.73

<tämyo>   by this, from this, therefore   --

1.58, 1.303, 2.118, 2.326

<toriṃ>   finally   --

1.183, 1.210

<tkaṃ>   earth   --

1.134, 2.173

<tmäṣ>   thereupon, then   --

1.143, 1.147, 1.149, 1.159, 2.135

<träṅk->   say   --

2.6

<trit>   third   --

2.92, 2.179

<traidʰātuk>   the world composed of three spheres (desire, beauty, non-beauty)   --

1.204

<dvip>   island   --

1.145

<nam>   bow, obeisance   --

1.13

<nas->   be   --

1.50, 1.234, 1.302, 2.83, 2.116

<nāk>   serpent   --

1.176

<nākäm>   blame   --

2.318

<näk->   perish, destroy   --

1.270, 1.284, 2.41, 2.51

<näm->   bow, bend   --

1.38

<näṣ, ñuk>   I   --

1.63, 1.305, 2.328

<niṣpal>   domain, holdings   --

1.33, 2.39, 2.52, 2.136, 2.140, 2.202, 2.218, 2.235

<nu>   now, even, anyway   --

1.299, 2.49, 2.139, 2.176, 2.182, 2.226, 2.269

<nu->   roar   --

2.293

<neṣ>   earlier, prior   --

1.74, 1.245, 2.133

<pat>   or   --

2.225

<pāk>   part   --

2.142, 2.152, 2.201

<pākär>   overtly, manifestly, visibly   --

1.272, 1.288

<pās->   guard   --

1.173, 2.38, 2.178

<päñ>   five   --

1.130, 2.71, 2.203

<pät>   over, beyond (?)   --

2.100

<pänt>   fifth   --

2.98, 2.185

<pärko>   advantage, rise   --

2.72, 2.82, 2.101

<pälk->   see   --

2.160

<pälk->   shine   --

2.270

<pält>   blade, leaf   --

1.123

<pältsäk>   thought, opinion   --

1.309, 2.329

<pältsäk>   thought, opinion   --

1.64

<puk>   all, every, whole   --

1.16, 1.61, 1.185, 1.228, 1.307, 2.9, 2.287, 2.307, 2.330

<puttiśparäṃ>   Buddha-dignity   --

1.211

<pe>   also   --

1.98, 2.246

<poke>   arm   --

1.107

<pot->   flatter   --

2.28

<poto>   flattery, obeisance   --

1.14

<por>   fire   --

2.43, 2.273

<pyutk->   make come into being, produce   --

1.254, 2.69, 2.86

<praṅk>   island   --

1.84

<pratipakäṣ (pratipakṣ)>   barrier, opposing part; the opposite   --

1.301

<praṣt>   time   --

1.75

<praski>   anxiety, dread   --

1.49

<pruccamo>   excellent, superior   --

1.62, 1.308, 2.10, 2.331

<psäl>   chaff   --

1.248, 1.282, 1.287

<Baladvip>   Baladvipa (name of an island)   --

1.150

<bodʰisattu>   bodhisattva   --

1.80

<mar>   no, not   --

2.263

<mā>   no, not   --

1.48, 1.213, 1.225, 2.50, 2.236, 2.238, 2.242, 2.245, 2.260

<māk>   much   --

1.32, 1.35

<māski>   hard   --

1.199

<mäsk->   be located, be   --

2.27, 2.73, 2.91, 2.102, 2.241

<mäṃtne (mätne)>   as, so as, so as to   --

2.222, 2.271, 2.305

<mok>   old   --

2.234

<mñe>   certitude, assurance (?)   --

2.46

<yakäṣ>   (type of) demon   --

1.148

<yāt->   be able, be capable   --

1.23, 1.215, 2.316

<yām>   make   --

1.99

<yām->   make   --

1.216, 2.26, 2.143, 2.255, 2.259, 2.261, 2.264, 2.265, 2.267

<yärk>   reverence   --

1.11, 1.42, 2.25

<yärm>   measure   --

1.214

<yäslu>   enemy   --

1.20, 1.39

<yuk->   conquer, overcome   --

1.18

<yetwe>   jewelry, decoration   --

1.256

<yom->   attain   --

2.313

<ykoṃ>   by day   --

2.219

<ynāñmune>   esteem   --

1.12

<ypic>   full, complete   --

1.94

<ype>   land   --

2.240

<ymār>   quickly   --

1.19, 1.22

<ywārckā (ywārśkā)>   between, among, in the middle of   --

2.289

<yṣaṃ>   ditch, moat   --

1.163

<rākṣats>   (type of) monster   --

1.144

<räk->   cover oneself, be covered   --

1.133, 1.162

<ritw->   coalesce   --

2.199

<lame>   place, location   --

2.314

<lāñci>   kingly, of a king   --

1.171

<läm->   sit   --

2.111, 2.196

<lo>   away   --

2.40

<lyā->   wipe away   --

2.224

<lyäk>   thief   --

2.45

<lyom>   mud   --

1.111

<waṣt>   house   --

1.172, 2.110, 2.153, 2.195

<waste>   protection   --

1.45

<wät>   second   --

2.87, 2.175

<wär>   water   --

1.103, 1.125, 2.42, 2.172

<wärp->   enjoy   --

2.154, 2.304

<wärṣṣälts>   strong, energetic   --

1.212

<wäl>   king   --

1.77, 1.170, 1.180, 2.44

<wäl->   die   --

2.308

<wälts>   thousand   --

1.122

<wäs->   clothe   --

1.257

<wäs->   give   --

2.302

<wik->   decrease   --

1.188

<wu, we>   two   --

2.155

<weñ->   say   --

2.123

<wkäṃ>   manner, type   --

1.160, 1.165, 2.203

<wmār>   jewel, pearl   --

1.182

<wram>   thing, matter   --

1.233, 2.68, 2.85, 2.256, 2.262, 2.266

<wras(om)>   (living) creature, man   --

1.46, 1.246, 2.8, 2.30, 2.93, 2.268, 2.311, 2.332

<wles>   perform   --

1.247, 1.281

<wles>   service, work, action   --

1.286, 2.156, 2.174, 2.206

<wles->   perform   --

2.84, 2.157

<wsāl>   garment   --

1.255

<śāwe>   (only plural) big   --

1.174, 2.120

<śāwe>   (pl. forms only) big   --

1.285

<śäk>   ten   --

1.8

<Śilpavāṃ>   Shilpavant (name of a prince)   --

2.5

<śu>   over   --

2.239

<śu-, śwā->   eat   --

1.250

<Śuriṣin>   (name of a type of metrical verse)   --

2.124

<śemäl>   cattle, livestock   --

2.177, 2.183

<śkaṃ>   and, also   --

1.36

<śkaṃ>   and, also, and also   --

1.197, 2.53, 2.64, 2.99, 2.114

<śtärt>   fourth   --

2.96, 2.161, 2.181

<śtwar>   four   --

1.160, 1.165, 2.142

<śla>   (together) with   --

1.196

<ṣakk>   certainly   --

2.141

<ṣāmner>   novice   --

1.198

<ṣäk>   six   --

2.198

<ṣ->   be   --

1.251, 1.258

<ṣkäṣt>   sixth   --

2.186

<ṣñaṣṣe>   relation, relative   --

1.37, 2.282, 2.288

<ṣñi>   (genitive only, reflexive for all numbers and persons) my, your, their, his (own), her (own), its (own)   --

2.281

<ṣpät>   seven   --

1.100, 1.105, 1.109, 1.120

<sam>   same (as)   --

2.306

<Sarvārtʰasiddʰe>   Sarvathasiddhe, name of a Bodhisattva   --

1.79

<sas, säṃ>   one   --

2.81, 2.151, 2.171

<saṃ>   some, any   --

1.227

<saṃsār>   cycle of birth   --

1.205, 1.229

<Sāgare>   Sagara (name of a king)   --

1.169, 1.179

<sāmudtär>   ocean   --

1.81, 1.203

<sārtʰ>   caravan, campaign, troop   --

1.96

<sätk->   spread   --

1.10, 2.24

<säm, sām, täm>   the; he, she, it, they   --

1.297, 2.119, 2.205, 2.290

<särki>   thereupon, later   --

2.158

<sälp->   glow   --

2.272

<säs, sās, täṣ>   this, this here   --

2.197

<Siddʰārtʰe>   Siddhartha, name of the father of the Bodhisattva Sarvarthasiddha   --

1.76

<se>   son   --

1.78

<sopi>   net   --

1.168

<skam>   always   --

2.258

<sne>   without   --

1.247, 1.248, 1.281, 1.282, 2.317

<spānte>   confidently   --

2.294

<spārtw->   turn (intrans.), be located   --

1.231

<speṣi>   rock-crystalline, of rock crystal   --

1.166

<tsäm->   grow   --

2.184, 2.221

<tsmār>   root   --

2.55, 2.115

<tsraṣi>   energetic   --

1.7, 1.31, 1.34, 1.40, 1.43, 1.44, 1.47, 1.202

<tsraṣṣune>   energy   --

1.15, 1.60, 1.72, 1.206, 1.217, 1.300, 1.304

<tsru>   few, small   --

1.214