Tocharian Online
Table of Contents
Todd B. Krause and Jonathan Slocum
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Lessons
0. Introduction to Tocharian
1. Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka
2. Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)
3. Exerpt from the Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (A255/THT888)
4. Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (cont'd)
5. Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (cont'd)
6. Exerpt from The "Last Supper" of the Buddha (B107/THT107)
7. The "Last Supper" of the Buddha (cont'd)
8. The "Last Supper" of the Buddha (cont'd)
9. The "Last Supper" of the Buddha (cont'd)
10. The "Last Supper" of the Buddha (cont'd)
11. Appendix 1: A Clinic on Looking Up Tocharian Words
Grammar Points
1. Sounds and Writing
1.1. Writing System
1.2. Phonological System
1.3. Rough Guide to Pronunciation
1.4. Accent
1.5. Palatalization
2. Gender, Number, and Human/Non-Human
2.1. Gender
2.2. Number
2.3. Human versus Non-Human
3. Adjective Overview
4. Overview of the Verbal System
4.1. Person & Number
4.2. Voice
4.3. Mood
4.4. Tense
4.5. Base & Causative
5. Basic Word Order
6. Sandhi
7. Case
7.1. Primary Cases
8. Adjective Structure
8.1. Adjective Endings
8.2. Adjective Classes
9. Present System
9.1. Present Classes
9.2. Present Endings
9.3. Non-Past Reference Paradigms
10. Agglutination
11. Historical Phonology: Vowels
11.1. From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian
11.2. Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian: General Rules
11.3. Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian: Accent and the a-Series
11.4. PIE to PToch: Non-Palatal Vowels
11.5. PIE to PToch: Palatal Vowels
11.6. PIE to PToch: Diphthongs
11.7. Further Considerations: Umlaut
12. Secondary Cases
12.1. Secondary Case Structure
12.2. Full Nominal Reference Paradigm
12.3. Group Inflection
13. Adjective Class I: Thematic Adjectives
13.1. Primary Adjectives
13.2. Derived Adjectives
14. Past System
14.1. Preterite Classes
14.2. Past Endings
14.3. Past Reference Paradigms
15. Coordination
16. Historical Phonology: Consonants
16.1. From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian
16.2. The Dental Series
16.3. The Labiovelars
16.4. Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian
17. Primary Case Endings: Singular
17.1. Nominative
17.2. Vocative
17.3. Oblique
17.4. Genitive
18. Adjective Class II: Athematic *n-Stems
19. Present Thematic Classes
19.1. Present Class II
19.2. Present Classes III & IV
19.3. Present Class VIII
19.4. Present Class IX
19.5. Present Class X
19.6. Present Class XI
19.7. Present Class XII
20. Nominative & Oblique
20.1. The Nominative Case
20.2. The Oblique Case
21. Historical Phonology: Resonants & Laryngeals
21.1. Resonants
21.2. Laryngeals
22. Primary Case Endings: Dual
22.1. Dual Suffix
22.2. Nominative and Oblique
22.3. Genitive
23. Adjective Class III: Athematic *nt-Stems
24. Present
24.1. Present Class I
24.2. Present Class V
24.3. Present Class VI
24.4. Present Class VII
25. Genitive
25.1. Basic Uses
25.2. Peculiar Uses
25.3. The Genitive as Dative
25.4. Genitive Absolute
26. Personal Pronouns
26.1. Independent Forms
26.2. Suffixed Forms
27. Primary Case Endings: Plural
27.1. Type (b): Nominative Same as Oblique
27.2. Type (a): Nominative Different from Oblique
27.3. Genitive Plural
28. Adjective Class IV: Athematic *s-Stems, Preterite Participle
29. Subjunctive
29.1. Special Subjunctive Classes: iv, vii
29.2. Varying Subjunctive Classes: i, v
29.3. Identical Subjunctive Classes: ii, iii, vi, ix-xii
30. Instrumental & Causal
30.1. Instrumental
30.2. Causal
31. Demonstrative Pronouns & Adjectives
32. Noun Classes I, II, and III
33. Gerundive
34. Preterite
34.1. Preterite Class I
34.2. Preterite Class II
34.3. Preterite Class III
34.4. Preterite Class IV
34.5. Preterite Class V
34.6. Preterite Class VI
35. Perlative & Locative
35.1. Perlative
35.2. Locative
36. The Pronominal Adjective 'Other'
37. Noun Class IV: r-Stems
38. Present Participles & Agent Nouns
38.1. Present Participle Active
38.2. Present Participle Mediopassive
38.3. Agent Nouns
39. Optative & Imperfect
39.1. i-Optative
39.2. oy-Optative
39.3. Imperfect
40. Comitative, Allative & Ablative
40.1. Comitative
40.2. Allative
40.3. Ablative
41. Interrogative & Relative Pronouns
42. Noun Classes V and VI
43. Privative
44. Imperative
44.1. Classes i-v
44.2. Class vi: Irregular Imperatives
45. Tense and Aspect
46. Indefinite Pronoun
47. Noun Class VII: the Noun A wäl B walo
48. Infinitive
49. Anomalous Verbs
49.1. Suppletive Verbs
49.2. AB yām- 'make, do'
49.3. AB i- 'go'
49.4. A nas- B nes- 'be'
49.5. The Copula
50. Uses of Basic Tenses and Moods
50.1. Tenses
50.2. Moods