This table lists Proto-Indo-European etyma identified by Julius Pokorny in his book, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (Bern: Francke, 1959, reprinted in 1989). Entry head-words are listed, with their page numbers and cross-references to other entries, and our translations into English; for more information, the reader is referred to the book. In this table some misprints in Pokorny have been corrected, including repairs to diacritics and missing, extraneous, or incorrect homograph numbers.
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| Pokorny entry | See also | English gloss | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | a | (an exclamation) | |
| 1 | ab- | river, water | |
| abel-, abol-, abel- | apple | ||
| 2 | abh- | abrupt, quick, swift | |
| 2 | abhro- | mighty, strong | |
| abo(n) | ape, monkey | ||
| 3 | 1: ad- | at, by, to | |
| 3 | 2: ad- | to fix, put in order | |
| 3 | ades-, ados- | spelt, a type of grain | |
| 4 | ad(u)-, ad-ro- | water course, current | |
| ag- | to drive, lead | ||
| ag- | goat | ||
| 7 | agh- | animal that may bear young | |
| 7 | agher-, aghen-, aghes-, or ogher etc. | day | |
| agh- | to fear, be depressed | ||
| 8 | agh-(lo-) | disgusting, unpleasant | |
| 8 | aghl(u)- | dark cloud; rainy weather | |
| 8 | agos- | blemish, fault, sin | |
| agro-, egro-? | beginning, first, highest | ||
| 9 | agro-s | field | |
| 9 | agu(e)si, aksi | axe | |
| 9 | aguh-no-s | lamb | |
| 10 | 1: ai | (an exclamation) | |
| 10 | 2: ai- | to close in, drive, harm, overwhelm | |
| 10 | 3: ai- | to give | |
| ai-ti-, ai-to-, oi-to- | part, portion | ||
| 11 | 4: ai- | to burn, shine | |
| 11 | 5: ai- : oi- | significant speech | |
| 11 | aid- | to swell; strong | |
| ai-dh-, i-dh-, nasalized i-n-dh- | to burn, shine | ||
| 12 | aier-, aien- | day(light), morning | |
| 13 | aig- | goat | |
| 13 | 1: aig-, nasalized ing- | depressed, dispirited; ill, sick | |
| 13 | 2: aig- | oak | |
| 3: aig- | to move violently, swing, vibrate | ||
| 14 | aiguh- | to be ashamed | |
| a(i)gh- : igh- | to desire, need | ||
| 15 | aik- : ik- | pike, spear, spit | |
| 15 | aik- | to call to | |
| aios- | metal (copper, bronze, iron) | ||
| 16 | ai-ra | (a type of grass) | |
| 16 | 1: ais- | to desire, wish, search for | |
| 16 | 2: ais- | to respect, worship, be in awe | |
| aisk- | bright, clear, shining | ||
| 17 | ai-tro- | bitter, sharp | |
| aiu-, aiu- | life force | ||
| 18 | 1: ak-, ako- | to eat | |
| 2: ak-, ok- | angular, sharp; stone | ||
| 23 | akka | mama (nursery word) | |
| 23 | akru | tear(drop) | |
| 23 | aku- | to damage, hurt | |
| 23 | akua-, more accurately ukua, eku- | river, water | |
| 1: al-, ol- | beyond; other | ||
| 2: al- | to grow, nourish | ||
| 3: al- | to wander about, roam | ||
| 28 | 4: al- | to burn | |
| 5: al- | to grind | ||
| 29 | 6: al-, alou- : aluu- | gleaming, white | |
| 29 | ala | hello! (greeting) | |
| 29 | albhi- | barley | |
| albho- | white | ||
| aldh- | trough | ||
| 32 | aleq- | to protect, ward off | |
| 32 | algh- | cold, frost | |
| alguh- | to gain, earn; price, value | ||
| 33 | alp- | small, weak | |
| 33 | alu-, alo- | a bitter plant? | |
| alu-, alu-d-, alu-t- | bitter; beer | ||
| ambhi, mbhi | around, at both sides | ||
| 35 | 1: am-, me- | to grab, seize | |
| 35 | 2: am-, me- | to mow | |
| 35 | amer-, amor, amr | day | |
| ames-, or omes- | blackbird | ||
| 36 | amu- | to proceed energetically; to firm up; to suffer | |
| 36 | am(m)a, ami | mama (nursery word) | |
| 1: an- | ancestor, relative | ||
| 2: an- | other side, there | ||
| 3: an(u)- | to breathe | ||
| 4: an-, anu, ano, no | along, over there | ||
| andh-, anedh- | to sprout, bloom, blossom | ||
| 41 | andher-, ndher- | stem, spike | |
| 41 | andho- | blind, dark | |
| anut- | duck | ||
| 42 | anuta, enuta | doorpost | |
| angh- | narrow | ||
| 43 | anghen- | odor, scent, smell; person | |
| angu(h)i- | snake, worm | ||
| 45 | 1: ank- | force; need, necessity | |
| 2: ank-, ang- | to bend, bow | ||
| 47 | ano- | ring | |
| 47 | ans- | favorable, well inclined | |
| 48 | ansa, ansi- | bow, noose, snare | |
| 48 | ansu-, nsu- | demon, spirit | |
| ant-s | front, brow | ||
| 50 | antro-m | cave, hollow | |
| 1: ap-, more accurately up- : ep- | to take, grasp, reach | ||
| 2: ap- | water, river | ||
| 52 | 3: ap-, ap- | fragile, old; damage, harm | |
| 52 | appa | papa (nursery word) | |
| 52 | apelo- | strength | |
| 53 | apero- | shore, bank (of river) | |
| apo-, po, ap-u, pu | away from, out of | ||
| 55 | apsa | aspen tree | |
| 1: ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base aru-, re-, and i-base (a)ri-, rei- | to fit, suit | ||
| 61 | 2: ar-, or er- | to distribute, share | |
| 61 | 3: ar- | nut | |
| 62 | 4: ar, er, or?, r | now, therefore; also interrogative particle | |
| 62 | 5: ar- | to deny, refuse, renounce | |
| ar(u)- | to plow | ||
| 63 | ardh- | pole, stake | |
| 63 | ardi-, rdi- | edge, point, tip | |
| 64 | areg- | to lock, shut away | |
| ar(e)-g-, arg-?, rgi- | glittering, white | ||
| areq- | to guard, protect, lock | ||
| arenko- | (a type of grain?) | ||
| 67 | ario-? | host, lord, master | |
| arqu- | something bent | ||
| 68 | arod-, arud- | (a type of waterbird) | |
| 68 | aro-m | reed? | |
| 68 | arua | intestines? | |
| as-, based on it azd-, azg(h)- | to burn, glow | ||
| 69 | ast(h)- | bone | |
| 69 | at- | to go; year | |
| 69 | at(e)r- | fire | |
| 70 | *ati-, ateli- | (a type of fish) | |
| ati, ato- | beyond, over | ||
| 71 | atos, atta | daddy, mommy (nursery word) | |
| 71 | 1: au- | ow! (exclamation of pain) | |
| 72 | 2: au-, au-es-, au-s- | to sleep, stay overnight | |
| 3: au-, aue, ue- | away from, down | ||
| 4: au-, u- : ue-, uo- | other; that (one) | ||
| 5: au-, aue- | to plait, weave | ||
| 6: au-, aued- | to speak | ||
| 7: au-, aue-, auei- | to like, help | ||
| 78 | 8: au-, auei- | to be aware of, perceive, understand | |
| 9: au(e)-, aued-, auer- | to flow, sprinkle; water, river, etc. | ||
| 10: au(e)-, aue(i)-, ue- | to blow | ||
| 84 | 11: aue-, (ue-d(h)-?) | to strain, take pains | |
| aueg-, uog-, aug-, ug- | to increase, magnify | ||
| 86 | auei-, uuei-? | bird | |
| aues- | to shine | ||
| 87 | aug- | to gleam, glitter | |
| 87 | augh-, ugh- | nape of the neck | |
| 88 | auig- | oats; a type of grass | |
| 88 | auqu(h)- : uqu(h)-, probably also uequ(h)- | cooking pot | |
| au-lo-s : eu-l- | pipe, tube | ||
| 89 | auo-s | maternal grandfather | |
| 90 | aus- | to draw (water), ladle, scoop | |
| 91 | baxb-, bhaxbh-, paxp- | to swell | |
| baba- | babbling; unclear speech | ||
| 92 | badios | brown, gold, yellow | |
| baita, or paita? | goatskin | ||
| 93 | bak- | stick, staff; to hit | |
| 93 | bal-, balbal- | to dance, shake, whirl | |
| 93 | bal-bal- | babbling; unclear speech | |
| baxmb- | (a type of noise) | ||
| baxmb-, bhaxmbh-, paxmp-, phaxmph- | to swell | ||
| 95 | band- | drop (of liquid)? | |
| 95 | bar-bar- | babbling; unclear speech | |
| 95 | bata- | a babble, murmur, meaningless stuttering | |
| 95 | bau | (onomatopoeic: barking) | |
| 95 | bdel- | to suck | |
| 96 | be, ba | (onomatopoeic: sheep's bleating) | |
| 96 | bed- | to swell | |
| 96 | 1: bel- | to cut off, cut out | |
| 96 | 2: bel- | strong | |
| bend-, bnd-no- | needle, spike, tip jutting out | ||
| 1: b(e)u-, bh(e)u- | (onomatopoeic: dull noise) | ||
| 2: b(e)u-, bh(e)u- | to puff up, swell | ||
| 102 | bis-(t)li- | gall | |
| 102 | blat- | to chat, prattle | |
| 102 | ble- | to bleat | |
| 102 | blou-, bhlou-?, plou- | flea | |
| 103 | bol- | bulb, tuber | |
| 103 | brangh-, brongh-? | hoarse? | |
| 103 | breuq- | to jump | |
| 103 | bronk- | to lock, shut in | |
| 103 | bu- | lip, kiss | |
| 1: bha-, bho-, bhu- | to glisten, shine | ||
| 2: bha- | to speak | ||
| 106 | bhabha | bean | |
| 106 | bhad- | good | |
| 107 | 1: bhag- | to apportion, divide | |
| 107 | 2: bhag- | sharp | |
| bhagó-s | beech tree | ||
| 108 | bhagh- | bog, lowland, swamp | |
| 108 | bhaghú-s | elbow, forearm | |
| bhar- : bhor- : bhr- | bristle, stubble; something jutting out | ||
| 109 | bharu- | (fir) tree, forest | |
| bhares-, bhores- | point, stubble (with formants) | ||
| 110 | bhardha | beard | |
| bhareku-, or bhereku- | to stuff full | ||
| 111 | bhares- | barley | |
| 111 | bhasko- | bundle, heap | |
| 111 | bhaso-, or bheso- | (a large bird of prey) | |
| bhat- : bhut- | to hit | ||
| 112 | 1: bhau- : bhu- | to hit | |
| 112 | 2: bhau- | to glisten, shine | |
| 1: b(h)e, and b(h)egh | beside, outside, without | ||
| 113 | 2: bhe, bho | (an emphatic particle) | |
| 113 | bhe-, bho- | to warm, roast, fry | |
| 113 | bhebhru-, bhebhro- | glittering; bright brown | |
| 1: bhedh- | to dig, pierce, stab | ||
| 114 | 2: bhedh- | to bend, bow, crook | |
| bheg-, bheng- | to break, smash | ||
| 115 | bhegh- : bhogh- | to dispute, resist | |
| 116 | bhegu- | to run away | |
| 116 | bhei- | bee | |
| bheid- | to prick, pierce, split | ||
| 117 | 1: bheidh- | to advise, encourage, force | |
| 117 | 2: bheidh- | to bind, plait | |
| bhei(u)-, bhi- | to hit | ||
| 118 | bheigu- | to glitter, shine? | |
| 1: bhel-, Balto-Slavic also bhelu- | glittering white | ||
| 120 | 2: bhel- | henbane | |
| 3: bhel-, bhle- | to grow, spread, swell | ||
| 122 | 4: bhel-, and bhle-, bhlo-, bhlu- | leaf; bloom | |
| 5: bhel-, chiefly with suffixes: bhelug-, bhelu-n-g-, bheleg-, bhlk- | balk, beam, rafter | ||
| 6: bhel- | to resound, speak | ||
| 124 | bh(e)lag- | ridiculous, silly, weak | |
| 124 | bheld- | to hit, poke | |
| bheleg- | to glisten, shine | ||
| 125 | bheleu- | to hit, weaken; weak, ill | |
| bhelgh- | to swell | ||
| 126 | bhen- | to hit, wound | |
| bhend- | to rejoice, sing | ||
| 127 | bhendh- | to bind, tie | |
| bhengh-, bhngh-, adj. bhnghú-s | dense, fat, thick | ||
| 1: bher- | to bear, bring, carry | ||
| 2: bher- | to boil, swell, well up | ||
| 3: bher- | to cut, scrape, work with a sharp tool | ||
| 4: bher- | to buzz, hum | ||
| 5: bher- | shining; bright brown | ||
| 137 | 6: bher- | to cook, bake, roast | |
| 7: bher- | to plait, weave | ||
| 138 | bheredh-, bhrdho- | to cut; board | |
| bhereg- | (onomatopoeic: bark, cry, roar, etc.) | ||
| bherug-, bhreg- | to shine; white | ||
| bheregh-, bherghos- | high, noble; mountain | ||
| bheruk-, bhrek- | to glitter, shine | ||
| 142 | 1: bherem- | to stand out; edge, hem | |
| 2: bherem- | to buzz, drone, hum | ||
| 143 | bheres- | quick | |
| bh(e)reu- : bh(e)ru- | to boil, surge, be wild | ||
| 145 | bhergh- | to hide, keep | |
| 145 | bherug-, bhrug-, bhorg- | throat | |
| 1: bhes- | to rub on, smear, spread | ||
| 146 | 2: bhes- | to blow, breathe | |
| bheu-, bheuu-, bhua-, bhue- : bhou- : bhu- | to grow, prosper | ||
| bheudh-, nasalized bhu-n-dh- | to awaken, be aware | ||
| 152 | 1: bheug- | to flee | |
| 152 | 2: bheug-, bheugh- | to free, put away | |
| 3: bheug-, bheugh- | to bend, bow | ||
| 153 | 4: bheug- | to enjoy | |
| 153 | bhidh- | cauldron, pot, vat | |
| bhili-, bhilo- | friendly, good, harmonious | ||
| 154 | bhlag- | to hit | |
| 154 | bhlagh-men- | priest, wizard | |
| bhle- | to howl, weep | ||
| 155 | bhled-, bhld- | to boil, bubble up; to boast, chatter | |
| 155 | bhlegu- | to swell, become bloated | |
| 1: bhlei- : bhlui- : bhli- | to glitter, shine | ||
| 156 | 2: bhlei- | to blow up, swell | |
| bhleig-, bhlig- | to glitter, shine | ||
| 157 | bhleiq- | to glitter, shine | |
| bhlendh- | dim, pale, reddish | ||
| 158 | bhles- | to glitter, shine | |
| bhleu- | to blow up, swell; to flow | ||
| 159 | 1: bhleu- : bhluu- : bhlu- | to glitter, shine | |
| 159 | 2: bhleu- : bhluu- : bhlu- | bad, miserable, weak | |
| bhleu-(k)- | to burn | ||
| 160 | bhle-uo-s | a light color (blue, yellow) | |
| 160 | bhleus- | mild, weak | |
| 160 | bhluido-s | light, pale | |
| bhlig- : *bhleig- | to hit | ||
| 161 | bhlok- | flock, tow, wool; cloth? | |
| 161 | bhlos-q- | (onomatopoeic: bark, cry, roar, etc.) | |
| 161 | bhog- | flowing water | |
| 161 | bhogh-, or bhagh- | bog, lowland, swamp | |
| bhoi- : bhui- : bhi-, bhiiu- | to fear, be afraid | ||
| 162 | bhok- | to burn? | |
| 162 | bholo- | mist, smoke, steam? | |
| 163 | bhorguo-s | gruff, unfriendly | |
| 163 | bhoso-s | naked | |
| 163 | bhoudhi- | victory | |
| 163 | bhoukuos | a buzzing insect | |
| 163 | bhrag-, better bhru-g- | to scent, smell | |
| bhrater- | brother, family member | ||
| 164 | bhred(h?)- | to wade, wander | |
| 165 | 1: bhreg- | to break | |
| 166 | 2: bhreg- | to stick up | |
| bhrei-, bhri- | to cut, pierce with something sharp | ||
| 167 | bhren- | to bulge, stick out; edge | |
| bhrendh- | to swell up, sprout | ||
| 168 | bhrenk-, bhronk- | to bring | |
| 168 | bhre(n)k- | to err, be ensnared | |
| bhren-to-s | deer, horned animal | ||
| 169 | bhres- | to break, burst | |
| 169 | bhreu-, bhreu-d- | to swell, sprout | |
| 169 | 1: bhreu-, bhru- | to break, cut, pierce | |
| 170 | 2: bhreu-, bhru- | edge | |
| 170 | bhreu-k- | to strike, throw | |
| 1: bhreu-s- | to swell | ||
| 171 | 2: bhreu-s- | to break to pieces | |
| 3: bhreus-, bhrus- | to boil, sound, etc. | ||
| 172 | bhroisqo-, bhrisqo- | bitter | |
| 1: bhru- | eyebrow | ||
| 173 | 2: bhru-, bhreu- | beam, bridge | |
| 173 | bhrug- | fruit; to enjoy | |
| 174 | bhrugh-no- | twig | |
| 174 | bhudh-m(e)n | bottom, ground | |
| 174 | bhugo-s, familiar form bhukko-s | goat | |
| 175 | da- | fluid; to flow; river | |
| da : du-, and dai- : dui-, di- | to divide, share | ||
| 179 | daiuer, genitive daiurés | brother-in-law | |
| 179 | dakru- | tear (from the eye) | |
| dau-, duu-, du- | to burn | ||
| 181 | *dugh-mó- | slanting | |
| de-, do- | I-deictic; here | ||
| 183 | de- : du-, and dei-, di- | to bind, tie | |
| 183 | deg- | to grab, pack? | |
| 1: dei-, deiu-, di-, dia- | to glitter, shine; day, sun; God | ||
| 187 | 2: deiu-, dia-, diu-, di- | to move, spin, swing | |
| deigh- | to itch, prick; tick | ||
| deik- | to show | ||
| 1: dek- | to take | ||
| 191 | 2: dek- : dok-, dek- | to tear, rip to pieces | |
| dekm, dekm-t, deku- | ten | ||
| 193 | 1: del- | to calculate, count, tell | |
| 2: del- | to shake, totter | ||
| 3: del-, dol-, delu- | to divide, split | ||
| 196 | 4: del- | to dribble, rain | |
| 5: del- | long | ||
| dem-, demu- | to build; house | ||
| demu-, domu-, domu- | to tame | ||
| 201 | demel- | worm? | |
| 201 | denk- | to bite | |
| 1: dens- | mental power; to learn | ||
| 2: dens- | dense | ||
| 203 | deph- | to push, stamp, thrust | |
| 203 | 1: der- : dor-, der-, or dor- : dur- | hand span | |
| 2: der-, reduplicated der-der-, drdor-, broken reduplication dor-d-, dr-d- | (onomatopoeic: to grumble, mutter) | ||
| 3: der-, dra-, dreb-, drem-, dreu- | to run | ||
| 4: der-, heavy-base deru-, dre- | to cut, skin, split | ||
| derbh- | to put together, wind | ||
| 212 | der(ep)- | to see? | |
| 212 | deru-, dra- | to work | |
| dergh- | to grasp | ||
| 213 | derk- | to look | |
| deru-, doru-, dr(e)u-, drou-, dreuu- : dru- | firm, solid; tree, wood | ||
| 217 | des-, des- | to find | |
| 1: deu- | to plunge into, sink in | ||
| 2: deu-, or dou- : du- | to venerate, worship; mighty | ||
| 3: deu-, deuu-, dua-, du- | to move forward, pass | ||
| deuk- | to drag, pull | ||
| deup- : kteup-? | (onomotopoeic: a dull thud) | ||
| 222 | dugh-mó-s | slanting | |
| 222 | digh- | goat | |
| 222 | dip-ro-, dip-era | sacrificial animal | |
| 222 | dlkú- | sweet | |
| 223 | dnghu, dnghua | tongue | |
| do- : du-, also do-u- : duu- : du- | to give | ||
| 226 | dous- | arm | |
| 226 | dre- : dru-, extended dr-em- | to sleep | |
| dregh- | displeased, unwilling, vexed | ||
| 227 | dumb-, dumbh-? | penis, tail | |
| 227 | dus- | bad, evil, foul | |
| duei- | to fear | ||
| duo(u) | two | ||
| 233 | 1: dhabh-, nasalized dhamb(h)- | to be astonished, speechless | |
| 2: dhabh- | to fix, suit; proper | ||
| 234 | dhal- | to bloom, be green | |
| 234 | dhanu-, or dhonu- | (a type of tree) | |
| 235 | dhau- | to press, strangle | |
| 235 | 1: dhe-, reduplicated dhe-dh(e)- | older family member (nursery word) | |
| 2: dhe- | to put, place, set | ||
| 239 | 3: dhe-, dhu- | to disappear, pass away | |
| 239 | dheb- | fat, heavy, thick | |
| 240 | dhebh-, dhebh-eu- | to harm, injure | |
| dheguh- | to burn | ||
| dhe(i)-, also dh-ei-? | to suck, suckle | ||
| 243 | dheiu- : dhia- : dhi- | to look, see, show | |
| dheigu- : dhoigu- : dhigu- | to plant, stab, stick | ||
| dheigh- | to build, knead clay | ||
| 1: dhel-, dholo- | curve; hollow | ||
| 246 | 2: dhel- | to light; shining | |
| 246 | 3: dhel- | to tremble | |
| 246 | dhelbh- | to bury, dig | |
| 247 | dhelg- | to stab, stick; needle | |
| 247 | dhelgh-, dhelg- | to hit | |
| dhem-, dhemu- | to blow, fly about like dust | ||
| dhembh-, dhmbh- | to dig | ||
| 249 | 1: dhen- | to flow, run | |
| 249 | 2: dhen- | flat of hand, surface of land, etc. | |
| 3: dhen- | to hit, push, thrust | ||
| 250 | 1: dhengh- | to cover, press | |
| 250 | 2: dhengh- | to get, grip, reach | |
| 1: dher-, dheru- | dirt, or some type of deposit | ||
| 2: dher-, dheru- | to hold, support | ||
| 3: dher-, dhereu-, dhren- | (onomatopoeic: to growl, purr, etc.) | ||
| 256 | 4: dher- : dhor- : dher- | to jump (at) | |
| 256 | 5: dher-, dhrei-d- | to defecate; dirt | |
| 257 | dheragh- | to drag, pull | |
| 257 | dherbh-, dherubh-? | to work | |
| dherebh- | to harden; coagulated | ||
| 258 | dheregh- | bushy plants | |
| 258 | dheregh-, dhrgh-na- | to turn, wind | |
| 259 | dhers- | to dare, be bold | |
| 259 | dhes-, dhus- | (used in religious terms) | |
| 1: dheu- | to flow, run | ||
| 2: dheu-, dhu-ei- | to die, faint, vanish | ||
| 261 | 3: dheu- | to shine brightly | |
| 4: dheu-, dheuu-, presumably dhue-, compare the suffixes dhue-k-, dhue-s- | to blow, dissipate, fly about like dust, etc. | ||
| dheu-b-, dheu-p- | deep, hollow | ||
| 268 | dheubh-, dhubh- | peg, wedge | |
| dheues-, dhues-, dheus-, dhus- | to blow, dissipate, fly about like dust, etc. | ||
| 271 | dheugh- | to milk, press, touch | |
| 271 | dhlas-, or dhels- : dhls- | to press, squeeze; squash? | |
| dhlgh- | debt, duty, guilt | ||
| 272 | dho- | to sharpen | |
| 272 | dho[u]- : dhu- | rope? | |
| dhrebh- | to crush, grind to pieces | ||
| 273 | dhreg- | to pull | |
| 273 | 1: dhregh- | to run | |
| 2: dhregh- | to hurt, torment | ||
| 274 | dhreibh- | to drive, push, thrust | |
| dhreu- | to crumble, grind | ||
| 275 | 1: dhreugh- | to shake, tremble | |
| 276 | 2: dhreugh- | to deceive, harm | |
| 276 | dhrigh-, or dhreikh- | hair, bristle | |
| dhrono- | multicolored? | ||
| 277 | dhug(h)uter- | daughter | |
| 277 | dhuen-, dhun- | to hum, drone | |
| 277 | dhuer-, dhueru- | to harm by deception or trickery | |
| dhuer-, dhuor-, dhur-, dhur- | door | ||
| 279 | dhuergh- : drugh- | crippled, dwarf-like, low in stature | |
| 1: e, o | (a particle; he, this, etc.) | ||
| 281 | 2: e, o | oh (vocative interjection) | |
| 3: e-, ei-, i-, fem. i- | one; this, etc. (demonstrative particle) | ||
| 287 | ebhi? : obhi : bhi | around, from, (up) to, etc. | |
| ed- | to eat | ||
| 1: edh- | point, tip | ||
| 290 | 2: edh- | fence of stakes | |
| 290 | eg- | lack (of something) | |
| eg-, og-, ug- | to say, speak | ||
| 291 | eg-, eg(h)om, ego | I (pronoun) | |
| eghero- | (inland) lake | ||
| 292 | eghi- | hedgehog | |
| eghs, eghz | from, out of | ||
| 293 | egnis : ognis | fire | |
| 293 | ehem, eheu, eho | oh (exclamation) | |
| 1: ei- | to go | ||
| 297 | 2: ei | O (vocative particle) | |
| 3: ei- | bright; reddish | ||
| 298 | 4: ei- : oi- | pole, stake | |
| 298 | eibh- : oibh-, iebh- | to copulate | |
| 298 | eig-, oig- | to complain, lament | |
| eik- | to possess, be capable | ||
| 1: eis- | to move rapidly or violently | ||
| 301 | 2: ei-s-, ei-n- | ice, frost | |
| ekuo-s | horse | ||
| 1: el-, ol-, el- | red, brown | ||
| 2: el- | to lie, recline | ||
| 305 | 3: el- : ol- | to rot, be moldy | |
| 306 | 4: el-, ol- | (a root indicating noise) | |
| 306 | 5: el-, ol- | to destroy | |
| 6: el-, elu- : la-, el-eu-(dh-) | to drive, move, go | ||
| 307 | 7: el-, elu-, with k-suffix elk-, eluk- | hungry; bad? | |
| 8: el-, elei-, lei-, olina 'elbow' | to bend | ||
| el- | line, strip | ||
| 310 | ela | awl, bodkin | |
| 310 | elg- | needy, poor | |
| 310 | elk-, eluk- | hungry; bad? | |
| 310 | elkos- | abscess, boil | |
| em- | to take | ||
| 311 | embhi-, empi- | (a bee, gnat, or mosquito) | |
| 1: en | in | ||
| 314 | 2: en- | year | |
| 314 | en | behold! look here! | |
| 1: enebh-, embh-, ombh-, nobh-, nebh-?, mbh- | navel | ||
| 2: enebh- : nebh-, embh-, mbh- | damp, wet; clouds; water | ||
| enek-, nek-, enk-, nk- | to reach, obtain | ||
| 318 | eneu, enu | without | |
| e-neuen, neun, enun | nine | ||
| 319 | engu-, nguén | bump, swelling | |
| eno-, possibly e-no- : ono- : no- : -ne- | that | ||
| 321 | en(o)mn-, (o)nomn, nomn | name | |
| enos-, or onos- | burden | ||
| 322 | enq-, onq- | to groan, sigh | |
| 322 | ent-, better ant-? | to weave | |
| 323 | epero- | wild boar | |
| epi, opi, pi | at, near | ||
| 325 | epi- | companion, comrade | |
| 325 | epop, opop | (onomatopoeic: call of hoopoe bird) | |
| 325 | eph- | to cook | |
| 1: er-, or- | eagle | ||
| 326 | 2: er-, eri- | goat; sheep | |
| 3: er- : or- : r- | to move, set in motion | ||
| 332 | 4: er-, er-t-, er-u- | earth | |
| 5: er-, eru-, thematic (e)r-e- | crumbly, loose | ||
| 333 | ereb-, orob-, rob- | to drill, hollow out, make holes | |
| 334 | ereb(h)-, orob(h)- | (a dark color, reddish brown) | |
| 334 | ered- | to flow away; dampness | |
| 335 | eregu(h)o-, erogu(h)o- | pea, legume | |
| 335 | 1: erek-, er[e]gh- | louse, mite, tick | |
| 335 | 2: er(e)k-, rek-, rok- | to tear, cut, split | |
| 335 | 1: eres- | to pierce, stab | |
| 2: ere-s-, ers-, rs-, eres-, and res-, ros- | to flow | ||
| 337 | 1: ereu- | to ask, seek | |
| 338 | 2: ereu- | to rip up, tear | |
| 338 | 1: eru-, re-, er(e)- | to row; oar | |
| 2: eru-, re- | to rest, be still | ||
| 339 | er(u)d-, (er(u)d-), er(u)dh- | high; to grow | |
| 339 | ergh- | to shake, tremble | |
| 340 | erku- | to beam, shine; to praise | |
| 340 | ers- : orsos | backside, rump; tail | |
| es- | to be | ||
| 342 | esu-s : su- | able, good | |
| es- | to sit | ||
| 343 | es-en-, os-en- | summer, harvest time | |
| 343 | es-r(gu), genitive es-n-és | blood | |
| 343 | et(e)n- | seed, grain | |
| 344 | eter- | intestines | |
| 344 | eti | out, beyond, etc. | |
| 345 | eti- | eider (duck) | |
| 345 | et-mén- | breath | |
| 345 | etro- | hurried, quick, swift | |
| 1: eu-, euu- : ua-, uu- | to lack; empty | ||
| 346 | 2: eu- | to dress, put on | |
| 346 | 3: eu- |