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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 5. ai- : oi- 'oath, significant speech'

Semantic Field: to Speak, Talk

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Middle Irish:	oeth	n.masc	oath	IEW
Welsh:	anudon	n	perjury	IEW
English
Old English:	aþ	n.masc	oath	IEW/ASD
	aþ-brice	n.masc	perjury, lit. oath-breaking	ASD
	aþ-gehat	n.neut	sacred pledge, lit. oath-vow	ASD
Middle English:	ooth	n	oath	W7
English:	enigma	n	riddle, puzzle	CDC
	enigmatic	adj	puzzling, like an enigma	CDC
	oath	n	calling upon god to witness to truth re: claim	W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	eth/ed	n	oath	ASD
Dutch:	eed	n	oath	ASD
Old Saxon:	eð	n.masc	oath	IEW
Old High German:	eid	n.masc	oath	IEW
Middle High German:	eit	n	oath	ASD
German:	Eid	n.masc	oath	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	eiðr	n.masc	oath	ASD
Danish:	eed	n	oath	ASD
Swedish:	ed	n	oath	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	aiþs	n.masc	oath	IEW
Italic
Latin:	aenigma, aenigmatis	n.neut	enigma, figure, allegory	CDC
Portuguese:	enigma	n	enigma	CDC
Spanish:	enigma	n	enigma	CDC
French:	ánigme	n	enigma	CDC
Italian:	enigma/enimma	n	enigma	CDC
Hellenic
Greek:	ainéô	vb	to praise	LRC
	aínigma	n.neut	enigma	LRC
	aînos	n.masc	tale, story, fable, saying	CDC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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