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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 1. aig-, nasalized ing- 'ill, sick; depressed, dispirited'

Semantic Fields: Sad; Pain, Suffering

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	acol/acol/ac(u)l	adj	afraid, excited, terrified	IEW/ASD
	inca	n.masc	pain, grief; doubt, question, suspicion	IEW/ASD
Middle English:	inclen	vb	to hint, inkle	W2I
	yngkiling	n	inkling	W7
English:	inkle	vb.dial	to foresee, have an inkling	IEW/W2I
	inkling	n	hint, idea, notion, intimation	IEW/W2I
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	inc	adj	angry, incensed	IEW
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	eikenn	adj	wild, angry, furious	IEW
	ekki	n.masc	pain, grief, sorrow	IEW
Norwegian:	eikja/eikla	vb	to torment constantly	IEW
	eikjen	adj	argumentive	IEW
Italic
Latin:	aeger, aegra, aegrum	adj	ill, sick; frail, feeble	IEW/ELD
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	aik(a)re	adj	ill, sick	IEW
Tocharian A:	ekro	adj	ill, sick	IEW

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dial	=	dialectal
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
ELD	=	Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W2I	=	Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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