The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: alu-, alu-d-, alu-t- 'bitter; ale, beer'

Semantic Fields: Bitter; Beer

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Irish:	ol	n	drink	CDC
English
Old English:	ealo/ealu	n.neut	ale	ASD
	ealofæt	n.neut	ale-cup	CDC/ASD
Middle English:	ale	n	ale	W7
	alum/alom	n	alum	CDC
English:	ale	n	drink fermented from malt/hops	AHD/W7
	alum	n	aluminum sulfate used as styptic/emetic/astringent	CDC/W7
	alumina	n	aluminum oxide	W7
	aluminum	n	light silvery metallic element	W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	aal	n	ale	LRC
	aalbes	n	currant	LRC
Old Saxon:	alo	n	ale	CDC
	alo-fat	n.neut	ale-cup	ASD
Middle High German:	alun	n	alum	CDC
German:	Aluminium	n.fem	aluminum	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	öl	n	ale	W7
	olðr	n.neut	ale; ale-party	LRC
Icelandic:	öl	n.neut	ale	ASD
Danish:	öl	n.neut	ale	CDC
Swedish:	öl	n.neut	ale	CDC
Italic
Latin:	alumen	n.neut	alum	W7
New Latin:	alumina	n	alumina, aluminum	AHD
Old French:	alum	n	alum	CDC
	alun	n	alum	CDC
Baltic
Old Prussian:	alu	n	ale, beer	CDC
Lithuanian:	alunas	n	alum	CDC
	alus	n	ale, beer	CDC
Latvian:	allus	n	ale, beer	CDC
Slavic
Polish:	alun	n	alum	CDC
Old Church Slavonic:	olu	n	cider	CDC
Russian:	galunu	n	alum	CDC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next