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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: as-, based on it azd-, azg(h)- 'to burn, glow; ash'

Semantic Field: to Burn, Scorch

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	æsce, æscan	n.fem	ash(es)	CDC
	ahse/axse	n.fem	ash	ASD
	asca/æsca	n.fem	ash	GED
	asce/acse, ascan	n.fem	ash(es)	CDC/ASD
	axe/æxe, axan/æxan	n	ash(es)	CDC/ASD
Middle English:	a(i)sche, aschen/asches	n	ash(es)	CDC
	ardent/arda(u)nt	adj	ardent	W7/CDC
	ardour/ardeur/ardure	n	ardor	W7/CDC
	ash(e), ashen/ashes	n	ash(es)	CDC
	aske, asken/askes	n	ash(es)	CDC
	ass(h)e/esche	n	ash	W7/CDC
	axe, axen/axes	n	ash(es)	CDC
English:	ardent	adj	passionate, impassioned	AHD/W7
	ardor	n	fire, zeal, passion	AHD/W7
	arid	adj	persistently dry	AHD/W7
	arson	n	crime of burning property	AHD/W7
	ash	n	fire-leavings	AHD/W7
	azalea	n	flowering shrub	AHD/W7
	zamia	n	cycad tree	AHD/W7
Scots English:	as(s)	n	ash	CDC
W-Germanic
Dutch:	asch	n	ash	CDC
Old High German:	asca/asga	n.fem	ash	GED/CDC
	essa	n.fem	forge	GED
Middle High German:	asche/esche	n	ash	CDC
German:	Asche	n.fem	ash	CDC
	Esse	n.fem	forge, smithy, chimney	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	arinn	n	hearth, place for sacrificial fire	KNW
	esja	n	saponite (used by smith in forge)	KNW
Old Icelandic:	aska	n.fem	ash	GED
Danish:	aske	n	ash	CDC
Swedish:	arne	n	hearth	TLL
	aska	n	ash	CDC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	*azgo	n.fem	ash	GED
Italic
Latin:	ara	n.fem	altar	GED
	ardens, ardentis	vb.ptc	hot, glowing; burning, ardent	LRC
	ardeo, ardere	vb	to burn, glow	W7
	ardor	n.masc	ardor, energy	W7
	arens, arentis	adj	dry, thirsty	LRC
	areo, arere	vb	to dry, be arid	GED/CDC
	aridus	adj	arid	W7
Late Latin:	arsio	n	arson	AHD
New Latin:	azalea	n.fem	azalea	W7
	zamia	n.fem	genus of cycads	W7
Portuguese:	ardor	n	ardor	CDC
Spanish:	ardor	n	ardor	CDC
Old French:	ardant	adj	ardent, burning	CDC
	ardor/ard(o)ur	n	ardor	CDC
	ardre	vb	to burn	W7
	ars	vb.ptc	burnt	W7
	arson/ars(o)un	n.fem	arson	W7/CDC
Anglo-French:	arson	n	arson	AHD
Middle French:	ardent	adj	fiery, energetic	W7
	ardour	n.masc	ardor	W7
French:	ardeur	n	ardor	CDC
	aride	adj	arid	W7
Old Occitan:	ardor	n	ardor	CDC
Italian:	ardore	n	ardor	CDC
Slavic
Czech:	ozd	n	parched malt	GED
Hellenic
Greek:	azalea	n.fem	azalea	W7
	azaleos	adj	dry	W7
	ázô	adj	dry	GED
	dipsáô	vb	to thirst after	LRC
	peináô	vb	to be hungry	LRC
Anatolian
Hittite:	hassa-	n	hearth, ashes	GED
Armenian
Armenian:	azazem	vb	to dry	GED/IEW
	aciun	n	ash	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	asas	n	ash, dust	GED
Tocharian
Tokharian:	as-/as-	adj	dry	GED
Tocharian A:	asu	vb.past.ptc	dried	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
past	=	past (tense)
ptc	=	participle
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
KNW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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