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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

Fans of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings may appreciate the source & meaning tips that pop up when the mouse pointer hovers over a non-obvious word or name that he coined from Indo-European (usually Old English or Old Norse) stock. But only reflexes of PIE etyma can be included, and these tend to concentrate in the vocabulary of Rohan and the Shire.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 10. au(e)-, aue(i)-, ue- 'to vent, blow'

Semantic Field: to Blow

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Breton:	guent	n	wind	GED
Welsh:	gwynt	n	wind	GED
English
Old English:	wawan	vb.wk	to blow	GED
	weder	n.neut	weather; wind, storm	W7
	wind	n.str.masc	wind	GED
	windwian	vb.wk	to fan, winnow	GED
Middle English:	ventail	n	ventail	W7
	venten	vb	to vent	W7
	weder	n	weather	W7
	wind/wynd	n	wind	CDC
	winewen	vb	to winnow	W7
English:	vent	vb.trans	to provide outlet/passage	AHD/W7
	ventail	n	lower movable front of medieval helmet	AHD/W7
	ventilate	vb.trans	to expose, discuss/examine/investigate freely/openly	AHD/W7
	weather	n	state of atmosphere (w.r.t. heat/cold, calm/storm, wetness/dryness)	AHD/W7
	Weathertop	prop.n	windy hill in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings	LRC
	wind	n	air in natural motion	CDC
	Windfola	prop.n	Eowyn's horse in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings	LRC
	Windlord	prop.n	eagle a.k.a. Gwaihir in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings	LRC
	winnow	vb	to sift/remove/separate via air current	IEW
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	waia	vb.wk	to blow	GED
	weder	n.neut	weather, condition	ASD
	wind	n.str.masc	wind	GED
Middle Dutch:	waien	vb.wk	to blow	GED
Dutch:	weer	n	weather	TLL
	wind	n	wind	CDC
Old Saxon:	wedar	n.neut	storm, weather	ASD
	wind	n.str.masc	wind	GED
Middle Low German:	weien	vb.wk	to blow	GED
Low German:	wind	n	wind	CDC
Old High German:	wadal	n.masc	winnowing fan/basket	GED
	waen	vb.wk	to blow	GED
	wajan	vb	to blow, breathe	ASD
	wanna	n.fem	fan	GED
	wedil	n.masc	winnowing fan/basket	GED
	wetar	n.neut	weather, condition	W7/ASD
	wint	n.str.masc	wind	GED
	winta	n.str.fem	winnowing shovel	GED
	winton	vb.wk	to winnow	GED
	wint-scuvala	n.str.fem	winnowing shovel	GED
German:	wehen	vb	to blow	CDC
	Wetter	n.neut	weather	LRC
	Wind	n.masc	wind	CDC
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	vindr	n.str.masc	wind	GED
Icelandic:	veðr	n.neut	weather, condition	ASD
	vindr	n.masc	wind	ASD
Danish:	vejr	n	weather	TLL
	vind	n	wind	CDC
Old Swedish:	via	vb.wk	to blow	GED
Swedish:	vind	n	wind	CDC
	väder	n	weather	TLL
E-Germanic
Gothic:	*dis-winþjan	vb.wk.I	to crush	GED
	*waian	vb.str.VII	to blow	GED
	winds/winþs	n.masc	wind	GED/CDC
Crimean Gothic:	*wintch/vvintch	n.str.masc	wind	GED/CGo
Italic
Latin:	vannus	n.fem	winnowing fan/basket	GED
	ventilabrum	n.neut	winnowing shovel	GED
	ventilatus	vb.ptc	vented	W7
	ventilo, ventilare	vb	to vent, fan, winnow	GED
	ventulus	n.masc.dim	light wind	W7
	ventus	n.masc	wind	GED
Middle French:	esventer	vb	to expose to air	W7
	vent	n.masc	wind	W7
	ventaille	n.fem	wind	W7
French:	vent	n.masc	wind	W7
Baltic
Old Prussian:	wetro	n	wind	GED
Lithuanian:	vejas	n	wind	GED
	vetykle	n	winnowing shovel	GED
	vetyti	vb	to winnow	GED
	vetra	n	storm	GED
Latvian:	vejs	n	wind	GED
Slavic
Old Slavic:	vetru	n	wind	W7
Old Church Slavonic:	vetru'	n	storm	GED
	vejati	vb	to blow	GED
Russian:	vieiate	vb	to blow	CDC
	victeru	n	wind	CDC
Hellenic
Greek:	áêma	n.neut	wind, gale, blast	GED/IEW
	aínô	vb	to winnow	GED
	atmís	n.fem	steam, vapor	LRC
	autmê	n	breath	GED/IEW
	á(F)êsi	vb	to blow	GED
Anatolian
Hittite:	huuai-	vb	to run, flee	GED
	huuant-	n	wind	GED
Iranian
Avestan:	vaiti	vb	to blow	GED
	vato	n	wind	GED
	vayus	n	wind	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	vatas	n	wind	GED
	vati	vb	to blow	GED
	vant-	vb.pres.ptc	blowing	GED
	vayus	n	wind	GED
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	yente	n	wind	GED
Tocharian A:	wänt	n	wind	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
I	=	class 1
VII	=	class 7
dim	=	diminutive
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pres	=	present (tense)
prop	=	proper
ptc	=	participle
str	=	strong (inflection)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
CGo	=	MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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