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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 1. bhag- 'to divide, apportion'

Semantic Field: to Divide

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	ysophagus	n	esophagus	W7
English:	baksheesh	n	tip, gift, windfall, gratuity	AHD/W7
	bhakti	n	devotion to deity (Hinduism)	AHD/W7
	buckshee	n	baksheesh	AHD/W7
	esophagus	n	muscular tube leading from pharynx to stomach	AHD/W7
	nebbish	n	timid weak-willed person	AHD
	pagoda	n	Far Eastern tower erected as temple/memorial	AHD/W7
	-phage	n.sfx	one that eats	AHD/W7
	-phagous	adj.sfx	re: eating	AHD/W7
	porgy	n	white perch: marine food fish	AHD
W-Germanic
Yiddish:	nebekh	adj	poor, unfortunate	AHD
Italic
New Latin:	-phagia	n.sfx	-phage	W7
Portuguese:	pagoda	n.fem	oriental idol/temple	W7
Slavic
Czech:	neboh	adj	poor, unfortunate, lit. not rich	AHD
Old Church Slavonic:	bogatu'	adj	rich	LRC
	bogateti, bogatejo, bogatejesi	vb	to be rich	LRC
	bogu'	n.masc	god	LRC
	ubogu'	adj	poor, not rich	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	oisophagos	n.masc	esophagus	W7
	phagein	vb	to eat	W7
	-phagos	afx	who eats	W7
Iranian
Middle Persian:	bakhshidan	vb	to give presents	AHD
	bakhshishn	n	baksheesh	AHD
Persian:	bakhshidan	vb	to give	W7
	bakhshish	n	baksheesh	W7
Avestan:	bakhsh-	vb	to give presents	AHD
Indic
Sanskrit:	bhakti	n	portion; devotion to deity	W7
	bhájati	vb	to receive, distribute	RPN
Hindi:	bakhsis	n	baksheesh, something extra obtained free	W7
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	pake	n	part, portion	RPN
Tocharian A:	pak	n	part, portion	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
afx	=	affix
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
sfx	=	suffix
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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