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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: bharek^u-, or bh_erek^u- 'to farce, stuff full'

Semantic Field: Full

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	diafragma	n	diaphragm	W7
	farse	n	farce	W7
	farsen	vb	to farce	W7
	farsi	n	farcy	W7
	farsin	n	farcy	W7
	frequent	adj	frequent	W7
English:	diaphragm	n	body partition of muscle/connective tissue	AHD/W7
	farce	n	forcemeat, savory stuffing	AHD/W7
	farce	vb.trans	to stuff, fill up	AHD/W7
	farci	adj	stuffed (esp. with forcemeat)	AHD/W7
	farcy	n	glanders: disease esp. of horses	AHD/W7
	forcemeat	n	finely chopped highly seasoned meat/fish	W7
	frequent	adj	thronged; common, usual	AHD/W7
	infarct	n	area of tissue/organ necrosis due to circulation obstruction	AHD/W7
	phragmites	n	perennial marsh/riverside reed	AHD
W-Germanic
German:	Farce	n.fem	farce	LRC
	Infarkt	n.masc	infarct	LRC
Italic
Latin:	farcimen	n.neut	sausage	W7
	farcio, farcire, farsus	vb	to farce	W7
	frequens, frequentis	adj	that occurs often	W7
	infarcio, infarcire, infarctus	vb	to stuff	W7
Vulgar Latin:	farsa	vb.ptc.fem	stuffed	W7
Late Latin:	farcimen	n.neut	cutaneous glanders	W7
Middle French:	farce	n.fem	theater play, funny song	W7
	farcin	n.masc	farcy, stuffing	W7
	farcir	vb	to put spices in chicken	W7
	fréquent	adj	that occurs often	W7
French:	farci	vb.ptc	stuffed	W7
	farcir	vb	to stuff	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	diaphragma	n.neut	barricade, enclosure, diaphragm	W7
	diaphrassein	vb	to barricade	W7
	phrassein	vb	to enclose	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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