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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 2. bherem- 'to hum, buzz, drone'

Semantic Field: Sound (n)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	bremman	vb	to roar, resound	RPN
English:	brontosaur	n	large quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur	AHD/W7
	fremitus	n	vibration felt by hand on chest during speech	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Frisian:	brimje/brimme	vb	to roar	ASD
Dutch:	brommen	vb	to roar	ASD
Old High German:	breman	vb	to growl, mutter	RPN
Middle High German:	brimmen	vb	to roar	ASD
German:	brummen	vb	to roar	ASD
Italic
Latin:	fremitus, frremitus	n.masc	murmur	W7
	fremo, fremere	vb	to roar, growl, groan	RPN
Slavic
Russian:	brjacát'	vb	to clang, clank	RPN
Hellenic
Greek:	bremein	vb	to roar	W7
	bronte	n.fem	thunder	W7
	phórmigx	n	type of lyre/harp	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	bhramará-h	n	bee	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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