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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 1. bheug- 'to flee, escape, seek refuge'

Semantic Field: to Flee

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	feverfew	n	feverfew	W7
	fugitive	n	fugitive	W7
	refuge	n	refuge	W7
English:	apophyge	n	outward curve of column where shaft joins base/capital	AHD
	centrifugal	adj	proceeding/acting in direction away from center/axis	AHD/W7
	febrifuge	n	antipyretic	AHD/W7
	feverfew	n	perennial European composite herb	AHD/W7
	fugacious	adj	evanescent, lasting short time	AHD/W7
	-fuge	n.pfx	something that drives away	AHD/W7
	fugitive	adj	running away, intending flight	AHD/W7
	fugitive	n	one who flees/runs away	LRC
	fugue	n	polyphonic music with themes imitated by successive voices	AHD/W7
	refuge	n	shelter/protection from danger/distress	AHD/W7
	refugium	n	area free of recent ecological change	AHD
	subterfuge	n	deception in order to evade/escape/conceal	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	biogan	vb	to bend	W7
German:	Fuge	n.fem	fugue; gap	LRC
Italic
Latin:	fuga	n.fem	flight	W7
	fugax, fugacis	adj	fleeing	W7
	fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitus	vb	to flee, avoid	LRC
	fugitivus	n.masc	fugitive	W7
	fugo, fugare	vb	to put to flight	W7
	profugus, profuga, profugum	adj	fugitive	LRC
	refugio, refugere	vb	to escape	W7
	refugium	n.neut	refuge	W7
	subterfugio, subterfugere	vb	to escape, evade	W7
	suffugium, suffugii	n.neut	refuge, shelter	LRC
Late Latin:	febrifuga	adj	re: reducing fever	W7
	febrifugia	n.fem	centaury: medicial plant	W7
	-fuga	sfx	re: flight	W7
	subterfugium	n.neut	trick, subterfuge	W7
New Latin:	centrifugus	adj	centrifugal, going toward center	W7
	febrifuga	n.fem	febrifuge	W7
Portuguese:	fugir	vb	to flee	TLL
Spanish:	huir	vb	to flee	TLL
Anglo-French:	fevrefue	n.fem	feverfew	W7
Middle French:	fugitif	n.masc	fugitive	W7
	refuge	n.masc	refuge	W7
French:	fébrifuge	adj	against fever	W7
	-fuge	sfx	act of repelling	W7
	fuir	vb	to flee	TLL
Italian:	fuga	n.fem	fugue; flight	W7
	fuggire	vb	to flee	TLL
Hellenic
Greek:	apophugê	n.fem	escape, place of refuge	AHD/LS
	pheúgô	vb	to flee, escape	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
sfx	=	suffix
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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