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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: bhles- 'to shine, glitter'

Semantic Field: to Shine, Glisten

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	blæse/blase	n.fem	blaze: fire, torch	W7/ASD
Middle English:	blase	n	blaze	W7
	blemiss(h)en	vb	to blemish	W7/CDC
English:	blaze	n	intensely burning fire	AHD/W7
	blaze	n	white spot	GED/IEW
	blaze	vb	to flame, flare up, burn brightly	W7
	blemish	vb.trans	to sully, spoil by flaw	AHD/W7
	blesbok	n	S African highveld antelope with facial blaze	AHD/W7
Scots English:	bleeze/blese	n	blaze: fire, torch	CDC
W-Germanic
Afrikaans:	bles	n	blaze: spot	W7
	blesbok	n	blesbok, lit. blaze (spotted) buck	W7
Middle Low German:	blas	n	blaze: fire, torch	CDC
Low German:	blas	n	blaze: fire, torch	CDC
Old High German:	blasros	n	blaze: spot (on forehead of horse)	GED/IEW
	blassa	n	blaze: spot (on forehead of horse)	GED
Middle High German:	blas	n.neut	blaze: fire, torch	RPN/ASD
German:	blass	adj	pale	W7
	Blässe	n.fem	paleness	LRC
	Blesse	n.fem	blaze: spot	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	blesóttr	n	blaze: spot (on forehead)	LRC
Italic
Middle French:	blesmir, blesmissé	vb	to make white	W7
French:	blêmir	vb	to grow pale/white	CDC
Old Occitan:	blesmar	vb	to soil, blemish	CDC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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