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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: bhleu- 'to bloat, swell, blow up; flow'

Semantic Fields: to Grow; to Blow; to Flow

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	affluent	adj	affluent	W7
	blout	adj	bloat, soft, flabby	W7/ODE
	blust(e)ren	vb	to bluster; wander about aimlessly	W7/CDC
	flum	n	river	W7
	flux	n	flux	W7
	influence	n	influence	W7
	reflux	n	reflux	W7
	superfluous	adj	superfluous	W7
English:	affluent	adj	copious, flowing in abundance	AHD/W7
	bloat	adj	puffy, bloated	W7
	bloat	n	swelling of rumen/intestinal tract	AHD
	bloat	vb	to swell, puff up	RPN
	bluster	vb	to roar, pound, thunder, be noisy	IEW
	confluent	adj	flowing/coming together	AHD/W7
	effluent	n/adj	(something) flowing out	AHD/W7
	effluvium	n	invisible emanation	AHD/W7
	efflux	n	effluence	AHD/W7
	fluctuate	vb	to ebb/flow in waves	AHD/W7
	fluent	adj	fluid, capable of flowing	AHD/W7
	fluid	adj	easily yielding to pressure	AHD/W7
	flume	n	ravine/gorge with running stream	AHD/W7
	fluor	n	fluorite	AHD/W7
	fluoride	n	binary fluorine compound	AHD/W7
	fluorine	n	pale yellow halogen gas	AHD/W7
	fluorite	n	calcium fluoride (mineral)	W7
	flush	n	sudden flow	AHD/W7
	fluvial	adj	re: stream/river	AHD/W7
	fluviomarine	adj	re: seafloor deposits near river mouth	AHD
	flux	n	flow of fluid from body	AHD/W7
	influence	n	ethereal fluid flowing from stars, affecting actions of men	AHD/W7
	influenza	n	acute contagious viral disease	AHD/W7
	influx	n	inflow, flowing in	AHD/W7
	mellifluous	adj	flowing/sweetened with honey	AHD/W7
	phallus	n	penis	W7
	phloem	n	complex tissue in higher plant vascular system	AHD/W7
	phlyctena	n	small blister/vesicle	AHD
	reflux	n	ebb, back-flow	AHD/W7
	solifluction	n	soil creep over frozen ground	AHD
	superfluous	adj	extra, exceeding what is needed/sufficient	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
East Frisian:	blüstern	vb	to bluster	CDC
Middle Low German:	blüsteren	vb	to bluster	W7
Low German:	blustern/blistern	vb	to flutter about anxiously	CDC
German:	Phloem	n	phloem	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	blautr	adj	soft, bloat; wet, soaked	ODE
	blotna	vb	to bloat, become soft/moist	ODE
Icelandic:	blautr	adj	soft, bloat	CDC
Swedish:	blöt	adj	soft, bloat	CDC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	miliþ	n.neut	honey	W7/GED
Italic
Latin:	affluo, affluere	vb	to flow (in)to/abundantly	W7
	confluo, confluere	vb	to flow together, be confluent	W7
	effluo, effluere, effluxi, effluxus	vb	to flow out	W7
	effluvium	n.neut	effluvium, act of flowing out	W7
	flo, flare, flavi<>M>, flatus	vb	to blow	W7
	fluctuo, fluctuare, fluctuavi, fluctuatus	vb	to fluctuate, float on waves, be agitated	W7
	fluctus, fluctus	n.masc	flow, wave	W7
	fluidus	adj	fluid, re: liquid	W7
	flumen, fluminis	n.neut	flume, river	LRC
	fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxus	vb	to flow	RPN
	fluvialis	adj	fluvial	W7
	fluvius	n.masc	river	W7
	fluxus, fluxus	n.masc	flux, flow	W7
	influo, influere, influxi, influxus	vb	to flow in	W7
	phallus	n.masc	phallus	W7
	superfluo, superfluere, superfluxi, superfluxus	vb	to overflow	W7
	superfluus	adj	superfluous, overflowing, running over	W7
Late Latin:	influxus	n.masc	influx	W7
	mellifluus	adj	mellifluous, flowing with honey	W7
Medieval Latin:	influentia	n.fem	influence	W7
	refluxus	n.masc	reflux	W7
New Latin:	fluor	n.masc	fluor	W7
Old French:	affluent	adj	affluent	AHD
Middle French:	affluent	adj	affluent	W7
	flux	n.masc	flux, flow	W7
	influence	n.fem	influence	W7
French:	fluide	adj	fluid, re: liquid	W7
Italian:	influènza	n.fem	power, influence	W7
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	bljujo	vb	to vomit	RPN
Hellenic
Greek:	phallós	n.masc	phallus	LS
	phléô	vb	to teem, abound	RPN
	phloiós/phlóos	n.masc	(tree) bark	LS
	phlúzô	vb	to seethe, overflow, boil over	RPN
	phlúô	vb	to seethe, overflow, boil over	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
ODE	=	C.T. Onions: The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1966)
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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