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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 3. del-, dol-, delu- 'to split, divide'

Semantic Fields: to Split; to Divide

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	be-teldan, be-teald, be-tuldon, be-tolden	vb.str.III	to cover, surround, overwhelm	RPN/ASD
	teld	n	tent	RPN
	teldian	vb	to pitch (a tent)	RPN
	telgor/telgra	n	twig, shoot	W7
Middle English:	dol	n	dole	W7
	dolour	n	dolor	W7
	tiller	n	tiller	W7
	tilten/tulten	vb	to tilt	W7
English:	condole	vb	to grieve	AHD/W7
	dolabriform	adj	shaped like ax/cleaver	AHD/CDC
	dole	n	grief, sorrow	AHD/W7
	dolor	n	sorrow, anguish, mental suffering	AHD/W7
	indolent	adj	causing little/no pain	AHD/W7
	tiller	n	stalk, sprout	AHD/W7
	tilt	vb	to incline, cause to slope	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Middle Low German:	telt	n	tent	RPN
Old High German:	zelga	n	twig	W7
	zelt	n.neut	tent, vault, canopy, pavilion	RPN/ASD
	zelto	n	small flat cake	RPN
German:	Zelt	n.neut	tent, pavilion	LRC
	Zelte(n)	n.dial	small flat cake	RPN
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	tjald	n	tent	RPN
	tjalda	vb	to pitch (a tent)	RPN
Icelandic:	tjald	n.neut	tent	ASD
	tjalda	vb	to spread, stretch, cover	ASD
	tjálgr	n.masc	prong	ASD
Danish:	telt	n.neut	tent, pavilion	ASD
Swedish:	tulta	vb	to waddle	W7
Italic
Latin:	dolens	adj/vb.ptc	grieving, feeling pain	W7
	doleo, dolere, dolui, dolitum	vb	to grieve, suffer, be angry	LRC
	dolor	n.masc	pain	W7
Late Latin:	condoleo, condolere	vb	to sympathize with	W7
	dolus	n.masc	fraud, injury	W7
	indolens, indolentis	adj	insensitive to pain	W7
Old French:	dol	n.masc	injury, damage	W7
Middle French:	dolour	n.fem	dolor, pain	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	dalìs	n.fem	part	LRC
Latvian:	dilt, dilstu, dilu	vb	to wane, decrease, dwindle	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	daidalos	adj	ingeniously formed	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
III	=	class 3
adj	=	adjective
dial	=	dialectal
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
ptc	=	participle
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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