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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 1. dhen- 'to flow, run'

Semantic Fields: to Flow; to Run

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	font	n	font	W7
Middle English:	font	n	font	W7
	fontinelle	n	bodily hollow/pit	W7
	fountain	n	fountain	W7
English:	font	n	receptacle for baptismal water	AHD/W7
	fontanel	n	membrane-covered opening in/between bone(s)	AHD/W7
	fountain	n	water spring issuing from earth	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	fontein	n	fountain	TLL
Italic
Latin:	fons, fontis	n.fem	spring, fountain, source	LRC
	fontanus	adj	of a spring	W7
Late Latin:	fontana	n.fem	fountain	W7
Middle French:	fontaine	n.fem	fountain	W7
	fontenele	n.masc	hollow between bones	W7
Iranian
Old Persian:	dan-	vb	to flow	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	dhanáyati	vb	to set in motion, to run	RPN
	dhánvati	vb	to run, to flow	RPN
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	tseñe	n	flowing???	RPN
Tocharian A:	tsän-	vb	to flow	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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