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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 1. dhregh- 'to run'

Semantic Field: to Run

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	droch	n	wheel	RPN
English
Middle English:	trocle	n	truckle	W7
	trukken	vb	to truck	W7
English:	trochal	adj	wheel-like	AHD/W7
	trochanter	n	rough prominence at upper end of vertebrate femur	AHD/W7
	troche	n	medicinal tablet/lozenge	AHD/W7
	trochee	n	long/stressed followed by short/unstressed syllable	AHD/W7
	trochisk	n	medicinal tablet/lozenge	AHD/W7
	trochlea	n	anatomical structure resembling pulley	AHD/W7
	trochophore	n	free-swimming ciliate larva	AHD/W7
	truck	n	small wheel	AHD/W7
	truck	vb	to swap, give in exchange	AHD/W7
	truckle	n	caster, pulley, small wheel	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	trochaeus	n.masc	trochee	W7
	trochlea	n.fem	block of pulleys	W7
	trochus	n.masc	iron hoop	W7
Late Latin:	trochiscus	n.masc	wheel	W7
New Latin:	trochlea	n.fem	an anatomical structure resembling a pulley	W7
Old French:	troquer	vb	to exchange	W7
French:	trochée	n.fem	trochee	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	protréchô	vb	to outrun	LRC
	tréchô	vb	to run	LRC
	trochaios	adj	running	W7
	trochanter	n.masc	organ/instrument for running	W7
	troche	n.fem	run, course	W7
	trochileia	n.fem	trochlea	W7
	trochiós	adj	round	RPN
	trochiskos	n.masc.dim	small wheel	W7
	tróchos	n	a running course	RPN
	trochós	n	wheel	RPN
Armenian
Armenian:	durgn	n	potter's wheel	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dim	=	diminutive
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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