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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 2. gal- 'to call, cry'

Semantic Fields: to Call, Summon; to Cry, Weep

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	clatrian	vb	to clatter	W7
	hilde-calla	n.masc	battle-herald	W7/ASD
Middle English:	callen	vb	to call	W7
	clacken	vb	to clack	W7
	clatren	vb	to clatter	W7
	clinken	vb	to clink	W7
English:	call	vb	to shout, speak in loud voice	AHD/W7
	clack	vb	to clatter, prattle	IEW/W7
	clatter	vb	to make rattling sound	AHD/W7
	clink	vb	to twang, tinkle, jingle	IEW
	gallinaceous	adj	re: heavy-bodied terrestrial bird	AHD/W7
	gallinule	n	aquatic bird in rail family	AHD/W7
	Glagolitic	prop.adj/n	(re:) ancient W Slavic script	AHD/W2I
	glasnost	n	candor w.r.t. social problems/shortcomings	AHD
W-Germanic
Dutch:	klagen	vb	to complain	LRC
Old High German:	kallon	vb	to talk loudly	W7
German:	klagen	vb	to complain	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	kalla	vb	to call, cry out; name	LRC
Danish:	klage	vb	to complain	LRC
Swedish:	klaga	vb	to complain	LRC
Italic
Latin:	gallina	n.fem	hen	W7
	gallinaceus	adj	re: domestic fowl	W7
	gallus	n.masc	cock	W7
New Latin:	Gallinula	n.fem	genus of birds	W7
Slavic
Old Slavic:	glasu	n	voice	W7
Old Church Slavonic:	glagolati, glagol'jo, glagol'jesi	vb	to say, speak	LRC
	glagolu'	n.masc	word, speech	LRC
	glasu'	n.masc	voice, sound, word	LRC
Russian:	glas	n	voice	AHD
	glasnost'	n	glasnost, publicity, public information	AHD

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
prop	=	proper
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W2I	=	Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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