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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: ghan-s- 'goose'

Semantic Field: Goose

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	géiss	n	swan	RPN
English
Old English:	gan(d)ra	n.masc	gander	W7/ASD
	ganot/ganet	n.masc	gannet, goose	ASD
	gos	n.fem	goose	RPN/ASD
	gos-hafoc	n.masc	goshawk	W7/ASD
Middle English:	gander	n	gander	W7
	ganet	n	gannet	W7
	gos	n	goose	W7
	goshawke	n	goshawk	W7
	gosling	n	gosling	W7
English:	anserine	adj	re: goose	AHD/W7
	chenopod	n	plant in goosefoot family	AHD/W7
	gander	n	adult male goose	AHD/W7
	gannet	n	large fish-eating seabird	AHD/W7
	gonzo	adj	bizarre, subjective, exaggerated, unconventional	AHD
	goose, geese	n.str	waterfowl intermediate in size between ducks/swans	AHD/W7
	goshawk	n	long-tailed short-winged hawk	AHD/W7
	gosling	n	young goose	AHD/W7
	gunsel	n.sl	gunman	AHD/W7
	merganser	n	fish-eating duck	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	gans	n	goose	TLL
	gent	n.masc	gander	ASD
Low German:	gante	n	gannet	ASD
Old High German:	gan(a)zo	n.masc	gander	ASD
	gans	n	goose	RPN
	gans-hapich	n	goshawk	ASD
Middle High German:	ganze(r)	n.masc	gander	ASD
German:	Gans	n.fem	goose	LRC
	Gänserich	n.masc	gander	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	gás	n	goose	RPN
Icelandic:	gassi	n.masc	gander	ASD
	gas	n	goose	ASD
	gashaukr	n	goshawk	ASD
Danish:	gaas	n	goose	RPN
Swedish:	gås	n	goose	RPN
Italic
Latin:	anser	n.masc	goose	RPN
	anserinus	adj	of geese	W7
New Latin:	merganser	n.masc	a waterfowl	W7
Baltic
Old Prussian:	sansy	n	goose	LRC
Lithuanian:	zasìs	n	goose	RPN
Latvian:	zùoss	n	goose	LRC
Slavic
Polish:	ges	n	goose	RPN
Russian:	gus'	n	goose	RPN
Hellenic
Doric:	chan	n	goose	RPN
Greek:	chên	n	goose	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	hamsá-h	n	goose, gander; swan	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
sl	=	slang
str	=	strong (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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