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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: ghau-, ghauu- 'to call'

Semantic Field: to Call, Summon

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	geac	n.masc	gawk; cuckoo	KEW
	god	n.masc	god, deity	LRC
	godsunu	n.str.masc	godson	LRC
	gydig	adj	mad, possessed, giddy	W7
Middle English:	gidy	adj	mad, foolish, giddy	W7
	god	n	god	W7
English:	gawk	n	lout, fool, simpleton	W7
	giddy	adj	frivolous, lightheartedly silly	AHD/W7
	god	n	being believed to have supernatural powers/attributes requiring mankind's worship	AHD/W7
	godhead	n	divinity, divine nature/essence	AHD/W7
	godsend	n	needed thing, desirable event	AHD/W7
	gotterdammerung	n	turbulent end of regime/institution	AHD
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	god	n	god	ASD
Old Saxon:	god	n	god	ASD
Old High German:	got	n.masc	god	W7/ASD
	gouh	n	cuckoo	KDW
German:	Gauch	n.masc	gawk; cuckoo	LRC
	Gott	n.masc	god	ASD
	Götterdämmerung	n.fem	gotterdammerung, twilight of the gods	AHD
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	gaukr	n.masc	cuckoo	KNW
	goði	n.masc	chief (and priest)	LRC
	guð	n.neut	god	LRC
Icelandic:	guð	n.masc	god	ASD
Danish:	gøg	n	cuckoo	TLL
Swedish:	gök	n	cuckoo	TLL
E-Germanic
Gothic:	guþ	n.str.masc	god	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
str	=	strong (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
KDW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 4th ed. (1993)
KEW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
KNW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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