The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. gher- 'to desire, yearn for'

Semantic Field: to Desire

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	dom-georn	adj	lit. glory-desirous	LRC
	giernan	vb	to yearn	W7
	græd	n.masc	greed	GED
	grædig	adj	greedy	GED
	lof-georn	adj	eager for praise	LRC
Middle English:	eukarist	n	Eucharist	W7
	exhorten	vb	to exhort	W7
	gredy	adj	greedy	W7
	yernen	vb	to yearn	W7
English:	catachresis	n	use of wrong word for context	AHD/W7
	charisma	n	extraordinary power (e.g. of healing)	AHD/W7
	chresard	n	water (in soil) available to plants	AHD
	Eucharist	prop.n	Christian sacrament/ceremony of Holy Communion	LRC
	exhort	vb	to incite by advice/argument	AHD/W7
	greed	n	avarice, rapacity	LRC
	greedy	adj	having strong desire for food/drink	AHD/W7
	hortative	adj	advisory, giving exhortation	AHD/W7
	yearn	vb.intrans	to feel longing/craving	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	graag	adj	hungry	GED
Old Saxon:	gradag	adj	greedy	GED
Old High German:	geron	vb	to desire	W7
	gratag	adj	greedy	GED
	gratida	n.fem	zeal	GED
	lob-gerni	adj	desirous of praise	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	grið	n.neut.pl	peace, protection	LRC
Old Icelandic:	graðr	n.masc	greed	GED
	graðugr	adj	greedy	GED
Icelandic:	graðr	n	greed, hunger	ASD
	graðugr	adj	greedy	ASD
	lof-gjarn	adj	desirous of praise	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	gredags	adj	hungry	LRC
	gredags	adj	hungry	GED
	*gredon	vb.wk.II	to hunger	GED
	*gredus	n.masc	hunger	GED
Italic
Latin:	exhortor, exhortari	vb.dep	to exhort, encourage	W7
	hortor, hortari, hortatus	vb.dep.freq	to urge, incite, encourage	W7
Late Latin:	eucharistia	n.fem	Eucharist	W7
	hortativus	adj	quality of a speech meant to urge	W7
Middle French:	euchariste	n.fem	Eucharist	W7
	exhorter	vb	to exhort	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	gardhùs	adj	tasty	GED
Latvian:	gards	adj	tasty	GED
Hellenic
Greek:	eucharistos	adj	grateful	W7
	katachresthai	vb	to use up, misuse	W7
	katachresis	n.fem	misuse	W7
	sugchaírô	vb	to rejoice with	LRC
	chaírô	vb	to rejoice	LRC
	chará	n.fem	joy	LRC
	charizesthai	vb	to favor	W7
	charis	n.fem	grace, gratitude	W7
	charisma	n.neut	gift, favor	W7
	chresthai	vb	to use	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	gardhas	n	greed	GED
	grdhyati	vb	to desire	GED
	grdhnus	adj	greedy; swift	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
II	=	class 2
adj	=	adjective
dep	=	deponent
fem	=	feminine (gender)
freq	=	frequentative (aspect)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pl	=	plural (number)
prop	=	proper
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next