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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: g^uretso- 'big, thick, gross'

Semantic Fields: Big, Large, Great; Thick (in Dimension)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	engrossen	vb	to engross	W7
	groce	n.sg/pl	gross; twelve dozen things	W7
	grocer	n	grocer	W7
	gross	adj	gross	W7
English:	engross	vb.trans	to copy/write with large letters	AHD/W7
	grocer	n	dealer in foodstuffs/other staple commodities	AHD/W7
	grosbeak	n	European/American finch with large stout conical bill	AHD/W7
	groschen	n	small (European) coin	AHD
	grosgrain	n	silk/rayon fabric with cotton ribs	AHD/W7
	gross	adj	immediately obvious/noticeable	AHD/W7
	gross	n	amount, overall total	AHD/W7
	grosz	n	Polish coin	AHD
	kurus	n	Turkish monetary unit	AHD
W-Germanic
German:	gross	adj	gross, big, large	LRC
Italic
Latin:	grossa	n.fem	large handwriting	W7
	grossus	adj	thick, coarse	W7
Medieval Latin:	ingrosso, ingrossare	vb	to enlarge	W7
Middle French:	gros	adj	big, fat, thick, coarse	W7
	grosse	n.fem	twelve dozens	W7
	grossier	n	wholesaler	W7
French:	engrosser	vb	to enlarge, get a woman pregnant	W7
	gros	adj	gross, thick, large	W7
	grosbec	n.masc	grosbeak	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
pl	=	plural (number)
sg	=	singular (number)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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