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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: g^uheiu- : g^uhi- 'vein, sinew, tendon'

Semantic Fields: Blood; Body; Rope, Cord

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	filen	vb	to file	W7
	filet	n	fillet	W7
	purfilen	vb	to purfle	W7
English:	defile	n	narrow gorge/passage	AHD/W7
	enfilade	n	condition permitting lengthwise gunfire	AHD/W7
	filament	n	single thread, thin threadlike object/process/appendage	AHD/W7
	filar	adj	re: thread/line	AHD/W7
	filaria	n	thin parasitic insect larva	AHD/W7
	file	n	folder/cabinet/container to keep things in order	AHD/W7
	file	vb	to arrange for preservation/reference	AHD/W7
	filiform	adj	shaped like filament	AHD/W7
	fillet	n	ribbon/narrow strip of material	AHD/W7
	filoplume	n	hairlike feather	AHD
	filose	adj	filamentous	AHD/W7
	filovirus	n	thread-like RNA animal virus	AHD
	filum	n	filament, filamentous structure	AHD/W7
	profile	n	representation in outline	AHD/W7
	purfle	vb.trans	to ornament (a border)	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
German:	Filet	n.neut	fillet	LRC
Italic
Latin:	filo, filare	vb	to spin	W7
	filum	n.neut	thread	W7
Late Latin:	filo, filare	vb	to reel silk (from cocoons)	W7
Medieval Latin:	filamentum	n.neut	filament	W7
New Latin:	filaria	n.fem	parasitic insect larva	W7
	filum	n.neut	filament, filamentous structure	W7
Portuguese:	fio	n	thread, filament	TLL
Spanish:	hilo	n	thread, filament	TLL
Old French:	enfiler	vb	to thread	W7
	fil	n.masc	thread	W7
Middle French:	filament	n.masc	filament	W7
	filer	vb	to file (documents on string/wire)	W7
	filet	n.masc	little thread, net	W7
	profiler	vb	to profile, outline	W7
French:	défilé	n.masc	narrow valley between cliffs	W7
	défiler	vb	to parade in column	W7
	enfilade	n.fem	series, thread, enfilade	W7
	enfiler	vb	to thread	W7
	fil	n	thread, filament	TLL
Italian:	filo	n	thread, filament	TLL
	profilare	vb	to draw in outline	W7
	profilo	n.masc	profile	W7
Armenian
Armenian:	jil	n	sinew	W7/HH

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
HH	=	Heinrich Hübschmann: Armenische Grammatik (1897)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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