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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 2. kak- 'branch'

Semantic Field: Branch

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	cecht	n	plow	GED
Middle Irish:	gec	n	branch	GED
Welsh:	cainc	n	branch	GED
W-Germanic
Dutch:	haai	n	shark	TLL
Old High German:	huohili	n.dim	wooden hook-plow	GED
	*huoho	n	plow	GED
German:	Hai	n	shark	TLL
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	hár	n.masc	peg, thole pin; shark	GED/KNW
	hæll	n.masc	peg	GED
Danish:	haj	n	shark	TLL
Swedish:	haj	n	shark	TLL
E-Germanic
Gothic:	*hoha	n.masc	plow	GED
Baltic
Old Prussian:	sagnis	n	root	GED
Lithuanian:	(at)sanke	n	barb	GED
	sakà	n	branch, twig	GED
	saknís	n	root	GED
Latvian:	sakas	n	pitchfork	GED
	sakne	n	root	GED
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	*soku'	n	branch	GED
	sochá	n	pole, plow	GED
	soci'ci'	n.dim	dry wood	GED
Albanian
Albanian:	thekë	n	fringe, tip	GED
Armenian
Armenian:	cach	n	twig	GED
Iranian
New Persian:	sah	n	branch; antlers	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	sankús	n	peg	GED
	sakha	n.fem	branch	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
dim	=	diminutive
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
KNW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)

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