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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: kei- 'to move, set in motion'

Semantic Field: to Move

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	behæs	n	promise	W7
	behatan	vb	to promise	W7
	hæs	n.fem	hest	W7/ASD
	hatan, heht, heton, haten	vb.str.VII	to call, name; order, command; promise	LRC
Middle English:	behest	n	behest	W7
	exciten	vb	to excite	W7
	hest, hes	n	hest	W7
	hight	vb	to be called	W7
	hoten	vb.past.ptc	called, named	W7
English:	behest	n	demand, command	AHD/W7
	bradykinin	n	biologically active polypeptide	AHD
	cinema	n	cinematograph	W7
	cinematograph	n	motion-picture camera/projector/theater	AHD/W7
	cite	vb.trans	to summon to appear in court	AHD/W7
	excite	vb.trans	to call to activity	AHD/W7
	hest	n	percept, command	AHD/W7
	hight	adj	called, named	AHD/W7
	incite	vb.trans	to stir up/spur on/move to action	AHD/W7
	kinematics	n	dynamics dealing with motion	AHD/W7
	kinesics	n	study of nonlinguistic bodily communication	AHD
	kinesiology	n	study of principles of mechanics/anatomy re: human movement	AHD/W7
	-kinesis	n.sfx	division	AHD/W7
	kinesthesia	n	sense mediated by organs in muscles/tendons/joints stimulated by movement/tension	AHD/W7
	kinetic	adj	re: motion of material bodies	AHD/W7
	oscitancy	n	act of gaping/yawning	AHD
	resuscitate	vb	to revive from unconsciousness/apparent death	AHD/W7
	telekinesis	n	production of motion without physical means	AHD/W7
British English:	cinema	n	motion picture	W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	heta	vb	to call, name; command; promise	ASD
Old Saxon:	hetan	vb	to call, name; promise	ASD
Old High German:	heiz(z)an	vb	to call, name; command; promise	W7/ASD
German:	heissen	vb	to call, be called	ASD
	Kino	n	cinema	TLL
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	heita	vb	to call, name, be called/named	LRC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	háitan	vb.str.VII	to call	LRC
	haiti	n	hest	ASD
Italic
Latin:	cieo, ciere	vb	to move	W7
	ciereo, ciere	vb	to stir, move	W7
	cito, citare	vb	to put in motion, rouse, summon	W7
	citus	adj	fast	W7
	cunctus, cuncta, cunctum	adj	all	LRC
	excito, excitare	vb	to excite	W7
	incito, incitare	vb	to incite, hasten, urge on	W7
	resuscito, resuscitare, resuscitavi, resuscitatus	vb	to stir up again	W7
	suscito, suscitare	vb	to stir up	W7
New Latin:	-kinesis	sfx	movement	W7
	kinesthesia	n.fem	kinesthesia, sensory experience	W7
	telekinesis	n.fem	moving objects from afar via mental powers	W7
Middle French:	citer	vb	to cite, summon, quote	W7
	exciter	vb	to excite	W7
	inciter	vb	to incite	W7
French:	cinématique	n.fem	kinematics	W7
	cinématographe	n.masc	cinematograph	W7
Albanian
Albanian:	çoj	vb	to send	IEW
Hellenic
Greek:	kinein	vb	to move	W7
	kinema, kinematos	n.neut	movement	W7
	kinesis	n.fem	motion	W7
	kinetikos	adj	kinetic	W7
	kinetos	adj	moving	W7
Armenian
Classical Armenian:	ert`am	vb	to go, set out	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
VII	=	class 7
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
past	=	past (tense)
ptc	=	participle
sfx	=	suffix
str	=	strong (inflection)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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