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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. kei- (dark color: brown, gray)

Semantic Field: Dark in Color

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	har	adj	hoary	W7
	harhune	n.fem	horehound	W7/ASD
	hiw/heow/hiow/heo	n.neut	hue	W7/ASD
Middle English:	hewe	n	hue	W7
	ho(a)r	n	hoar	W7
	horhoune	n	horehound	W7
English:	Herr	tit	Mr.	AHD/W7
	Herrenvolk	prop.n	master race	AHD/W7
	hoar	adj	hoary	AHD/W7
	hoar	n	hoarfrost	AHD/W7
	hoarfrost	n	minute ice crystals covering cold surface	W7
	hoary	adj	gray/white (with age)	W7
	horehound	n	bitter mint with hoary leaves	AHD/W7
	hue	n	shape, aspect	AHD/W7
	younker	n	young man	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	heer	n	gentleman	TLL
	jonker	n	young nobleman	W7
Old High German:	her	adj	hoary	W7
German:	Herr	n.masc	sir, Herr; lord, gentleman	TLL
	Herrenvolk	n	Herrenvolk, lit. lord-folk	AHD/W7
	Junker	n.masc	younker, young nobleman	LRC
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	harr	adj	hoary	ASD
Danish:	herre	n	gentleman	TLL
Swedish:	herre	n	gentleman	TLL
E-Germanic
Gothic:	hiwi	n	hue, form	ASD
Hellenic
Greek:	kirros	adj	orange-colored	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prop	=	proper
tit	=	title

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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