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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 2. ken-, kenu-, keni-, kenu- 'to rub, scrape, scratch off; ashes'

Semantic Fields: to Rub; Ash(es)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	nippen	vb	to nip	IEW
	nodden	vb	to nod	IEW
English:	cinerarium	n	place to receive ashes of cremated dead	AHD/W7
	cinereous	adj	gray tinged with black	AHD/W7
	conidium	n	asexual spore produced on conidiophore	AHD/W7
	incinerate	vb.trans	to burn to ashes	AHD/W7
	nip	vb	to pinch, squeeze; sip, taste	IEW
	nod	vb	to doze, snooze, make quick downward head motion	IEW
	pneumoconiosis	n	lung disease caused by inhalation of mineral/metallic particles	AHD/W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	hnoss	n.fem	ornament, costly thing	LRC
Italic
Latin:	cinerarium	adj.neut	re: ashes	W7
	cinereus	adj	made with ashes	W7
	cinis, cineris	n.masc	ashes	W7
Medieval Latin:	incinero, incinerare, incineravi, incineratus	vb	to incinerate	W7
New Latin:	conidium	n.neut	dustlike spore	W7
	pneumoconiosis	n.fem	lung disease	W7
Baltic
Latvian:	kodit, kodu, kodiju	vb	to bite repeatedly	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	konis	n.fem	dust, ashes	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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