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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 2. keu- : kuu-, ku- 'to burn, light (a fire)'

Semantic Fields: to Burn, Scorch; to Light, Kindle

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	calme	n	calm	W7
	enke	n	ink	W7
	holocaust	n	holocaust	W7
English:	calm	n	absence of storm/high wind/rough water	AHD/W7
	caustic	adj	corrosive, able to destroy/eat away via chemical action	AHD/W7
	cauterize	vb	to sear with hot iron	W7
	cautery	n	cauterization	AHD/W7
	encaustic	adj	re: paint mixed with beeswax	AHD/W7
	encaustic	n	paint mixed with beeswax	AHD/W7
	holocaust	n	sacrifice consumed by fire	AHD/W7
	hypocaust	n	Roman central heating system	AHD/W7
	ink	n	fluid colored writing/printing material	AHD/W7
British English:	cauterise	vb	to cauterize	LRC
Italic
Latin:	cauma	n.fem	heat	W7
	causticus	adj	burning, caustic	W7
	cauterium	n.neut	cautery	W7
	encausticus	adj	(painted with) encaustic	W7
	encaustus	vb.ptc	burnt within	W7
	hypocaustum	n.neut	hypocaust	W7
Late Latin:	encaustum	n.neut	encaustic	W7
	holocaustum	n.neut	thorough burn, sacrifice/destruction by fire	W7
Old French:	enke	n.fem	ink	W7
	holocauste	n.masc	holocaust	W7
Middle French:	calme	adj	calm, tranquil	W7
Old Italian:	calma	n.masc	calm	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	kulé	n.fem	smut of plants	W7/LD
Hellenic
Greek:	enkaiein	vb	to burn in	W7
	enkaustikos	adj	(painted with) encaustic	W7
	enkaustos	adj	burning within	W7
	kaíô	vb	to burn	LRC
	kauma	n.neut	burn, burning	W7
	kaumatízô	vb	to burn up	LRC
	kaustikos	adj	caustic, burning	W7
	kaustos	vb.ptc	burnt	W7
	kauterion	n.neut	branding iron	W7
	holokauston	n.neut	burning of all	W7
	holokaustos	adj	burnt whole	W7
	hypokaiein	vb	to light fire under	W7
	hypokauston	adj.neut	burning under	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
ptc	=	participle
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LD	=	Bronius Piesarskas and Bronius Svecevicius: Lithuanian Dictionary (1994)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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