The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: kleg-, klog-, klug-, klang-, kleg-, klog-, kleig-, kleik- 'to cry, shout, scream'

Semantic Field: to Call, Summon

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Middle Irish:	clocc	n	bell	W7
English
Old English:	cloccian	vb	to cluck	IEW
	hleahtor/hlehter	n.masc	laughter, jubilation	ASD
	hliehhan/hilehhan	vb	to laugh	W7
	hlowan	vb.str	to low, moo	W7/ASD
Middle English:	clok	n	clock	W7
	laughen	vb	to laugh	W7
	laughter	n	laughter	W7
English:	clang	vb	to make loud metallic ringing sound	AHD/W7
	claxon	n	loud electric horn	LRC
	clock	n	time-keeping device	LRC
	cluck	vb	to sound like hen	W7
	laugh	vb	to show mirth/joy/scorn with chuckle/loud sound	AHD/W7
	laughter	n	(sound of) laughing	AHD/W7
Scots English:	clock	vb	to cluck	ASD
W-Germanic
Middle Dutch:	clocke	n	bell, clock	W7
Old High German:	hlahter	n	laughter	ASD
	hloon	vb	to low	ASD
	lachen	vb	to laugh	W7
German:	Glocke	n	bell, gong, clock	LRC
	glucken	vb	to cluck	ASD
	lachen	vb	to laugh	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	hlæja	vb	to laugh	LRC
Icelandic:	hlatr	n	laughter	ASD
	hloa	vb	to roar	ASD
	klókkva	vb	to cluck	ASD
Danish:	klukke	vb	to cluck	ASD
Swedish:	klocka	n	clock, watch	TLL
	klokka/klukka	vb	to cluck	ASD
E-Germanic
Crimean Gothic:	lachen	vb	to laugh	CGo
Italic
Latin:	clango, clangere	vb	to make noise	W7
	glocire	vb	to cluck	ASD
Middle Latin:	clocca	n	bell	W7
Old North French:	cloque	n	bell	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	klazein	vb	to scream, bark	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CGo	=	MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next