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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 2. kuelp- 'to curve, vault'

Semantic Field: to Bend

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	hwealf	n.fem	vault	W7/ASD
Middle English:	goulf	n	gulf	W7
	whelmen	vb	to whelm	W7
English:	colpitis	n	vaginitis: inflammation of vagina	AHD/CDC
	colposcope	n	endoscope for examining vaginal/cervical tissues	AHD
	colposcopy	n	medical examination using colposcope	AHD
	gulf	n	part of sea/ocean extending into land	AHD/W7
	whelm	vb	to turn over, cover/engulf completely	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	walbo	n	vault	W7
German:	Gewölbe	n.neut	vault	LRC
	Golf	n.masc	gulf	LRC
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	hválf	n.neut	vault; concavity of shield	ASD
Italic
Latin:	culcita	n	cushion	LRC
Late Latin:	colpus	n.masc	gulf; bosom	W7
Middle French:	golfe	n.masc	gulf	W7
Italian:	golfo	n.masc	gulf, bay	W7/CID
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	kólpos	n.masc	bosom	LS
Greek:	kólpos	n.masc	womb, vagina; hollow	LS
Indic
Sanskrit:	kurcá	n	bale, bushel	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
CID	=	Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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