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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. k^uer- 'to do, make, form'

Semantic Fields: to Do, Make; to Mold, Form

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
English:	karma	n	force generated by person's actions thought to perpetuate transmigration (Hinduism/Buddhism)	AHD/W7
	peloria	n	abnormal regularity of structure (in normally irregular flowers)	AHD/W7
	Prakrit	prop.n	broad family of ancient Indic languages/dialects	LRC
	Sanskrit	prop.n	classical language of ancient India, evolved to modern times	LRC
W-Germanic
German:	Karma	n.neut	karma	LRC
Baltic
Lithuanian:	kuriù, kùrti	vb	to make, build, create	RPN
Hellenic
Greek:	pelor	n.neut	monster	W7
	peloros	adj	monstrous	W7
	teras	n.neut	marvel, monster	W7
Iranian
Old Persian:	kar-	vb	to do, make, build	RPN
Avestan:	kurunaoiti	vb	to do, make	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	kará-h	vb.ptc	doing, making	RPN
	karóti	vb	to do, make, build	RPN
	kárman-	n	act, deed, work	RPN
	krnóti	vb	to do, make, build	RPN
	krtá-h	vb.ptc	done, made, prepared	RPN
	krtya	n	act, action, deed	RPN
	prakrta	adj	natural, vulgar	W7
	samskrta	n	Sanskrit (ancient Indic language), lit. perfected	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prop	=	proper
ptc	=	participle
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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