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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: leb-, lob-, lab-, l_eb- 'lip; to slump, hang down slackly'

Semantic Fields: Lip; to Drop

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	gelimplic	adj	suitable	LRC
	læppa	n.wk.masc	lap	W7
	lemp-healt	adj	limping, halting, limphalt	AHD
	limpan, lamp, lumpon, lumpen	vb.str.III	to fall, befall, happen	LRC
	lippa	n.masc	lip	W7/ASD
	slæp/sleap/slap	n.masc	sleep	W7/ASD
	slæpan/slepan	vb.wk	to sleep	ASD
Middle English:	lappe	n	lap	W7
	lip	n	lip	W7
	slaveren	vb	to slaver	W7
	slepe	n	sleep	W7
English:	labellum	n	median member of orchid corolla	AHD/W7
	labium	n	folds at margin of vulva	AHD/W7
	labret	n	ornament worn in lip perforation	AHD/W7
	labrum	n	upper/anterior lip of arthropod	AHD/W7
	lap	n	loose panel/hanging flap of garment	IEW/W7
	limp	adj	slack, not stiff/rigid	IEW/W7
	limp	vb.intrans	to walk lamely	IEW/W7
	limphalt	adj	lame, halt	AHD
	lip	n	either of fleshy folds surrounding mouth in vertebrates	AHD/W7
	slab	dial.adj/n	slimy, viscous, slippery; bog, slough	IEW
	slamp	vb.dial	to limp, hobble; be careless/neglectful	IEW
	slaver	vb	to drool, drivel, slobber	IEW/W7
	sleep, slept	vb	to rest in state of sleep	W7
	sleep	n	natural periodic suspension of activity/consciousness	AHD/W7
	slemp	vb.dial	to slink, creep, crawl, step aside	IEW
	slump	n	bog, mire, morass, wet/damp place	IEW
	slump	vb	to fall/sink suddenly	IEW/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	lippa	n.masc	lip	ASD
	slep	n	sleep	ASD
Dutch:	lip	n	lip	TLL
	slapen	vb	to sleep	LRC
Old Saxon:	slap	n	sleep	ASD
	slapan	vb	to sleep	LRC
Old Low German:	lepor	n	lip	ASD
Old High German:	leffur/lefs	n	lip	W7/ASD
	limphan/limfan	vb	to happen, convene	IEW
	slaf	n	sleep	W7
German:	Lippe	n.fem	lip	LRC
	Schlaf	n.masc	sleep	LRC
	schlafen	vb	to sleep	LRC
	Schlamm	n	mud	TLL
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	slafra	vb	to slaver	W7
Norwegian:	slumpa	vb	to slump	W7
Danish:	laebe	n	lip	TLL
	sove	vb	to sleep	LRC
Swedish:	läpp	n	lip	TLL
	sova	vb	to sleep	LRC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	sleps	n	sleep	ASD
Crimean Gothic:	schlipen	vb	to sleep	CGo
Italic
Latin:	labellum	n.neut	little lip	W7
	labium	n.neut	lip	W7
	labor, labi	vb.dep	to slide, slip	W7
	labor, laboris	n.masc	labor, effort	LRC
	labrum	n.neut	lip, edge	W7
New Latin:	labium	n.neut	lip	W7
	labrum	n.neut	labrum	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	lobos	n.masc	part of an organ	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
III	=	class 3
adj	=	adjective
dep	=	deponent
dial	=	dialectal
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CGo	=	MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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