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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 1. mai- 'to maim, hew, cut with sharp instrument'

Semantic Field: to Cut

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Scots Gaelic:	maol	adj	bald, hornless	W7
Welsh:	moel	adj	bald, bare; mechanical	W7/WE
English
Old English:	æmette	n	emmet	W7
	gemad	adj	silly	W7
	mite	n	mite	W7
Middle English:	ante	n	ant	W7
	emete	n	emmet	W7
	manglen	vb	to mangle	W7
	mayme	n	mayhem	W7
	maymen/maynhen	vb	to maim	W7
	mite	n	mite	W7
English:	ant	n	colonial hymenopterous insect	AHD/W7
	emmet	n	ant	AHD/W7
	maim	vb.trans	to commit mayhem upon	AHD/W7
	mangle	vb.trans	to cut/hack/bruise with repeated blows/strokes	AHD/W7
	mayhem	n	willful/permanent deprivation of limb (bodily member)	AHD/W7
	mite	n	small/minute arachnid	AHD/W7
	muley	adj	polled, hornless	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Middle Dutch:	mite	n	mite; small copper coin	W7
Old High German:	ameiza	n	emmet	W7
	meizan	vb	to cut	W7
German:	Ameise	n.fem	emmet	LRC
Italic
Old French:	mahaim	n.masc	mayhem	W7
	maynier	vb	to maim	W7
Anglo-French:	mahaim	n.masc	mayhem	W7
	mangler	vb	to maim, mangle	W7
Middle French:	mite	n.fem	small Flemish copper coin	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)
WE	=	H. Meurig Evans and W.O. Thomas: Welsh-English, English-Welsh Dictionary (1969)

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