The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: mei-k-, and mei-g-? 'to mix, mash, stir'

Semantic Fields: to Mix, Blend; to Press

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	max-	pfx	mash-	W7/ASD
Middle English:	admixt	vb.ptc	admixed	W7
	comixt	vb.ptc	commixed	W7
	immixte	vb.ptc	immixed	W7
	mash	n	mash	W7
	medle	n	medley	W7
	medlen	vb	to meddle	W7
	mixen	vb	to mix	W7
	pelemele	adv	pell-mell	W7
English:	admix	vb.trans	to blend, mingle	AHD/W7
	amphimixis	n	germ cell union in sexual reproduction	AHD/W7
	apomixis	n	reproduction involving specialized generative tissues	AHD/W7
	commix	vb	to mix, blend	AHD/W7
	immix	vb.trans	to commingle, mix intimately	AHD/W7
	mash	n	crushed malt/grain meal steeped/stirred in hot water	AHD/W7
	mash	vb	to pulp, crush, squash	IEW
	meddle	vb	to mix, mingle	AHD/W7
	medley	n	melee	AHD/W7
	melange	n	mixture of incongruous elements	AHD/W7
	melee	n	confused struggle	AHD/W7
	mesclun	n	potpourri of small young salad leaves	AHD
	mestizo	n	person of mixed blood	AHD/W7
	miscellaneous	adj	mixed, heterogeneous, consisting of diverse things/members	AHD/W7
	miscible	adj	capable of being mixed	AHD/W7
	mix	vb	to blend/combine into one mass	AHD/W7
	mixture	n	act/process/result of mixing	AHD/W7
	mustang	n	small hardy naturalized horse, lit. mixed animal	AHD/W7
	panmixia	n	random mating within breeding population	AHD
	pell-mell	adv	in mingled confusion/disorder	AHD/W7
	promiscuous	adj	consisting of heterogeneous mixture	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Middle High German:	meisch	n	mash	W7
German:	Maische	n.fem	mash	LRC
	mischen	vb	to mix	LRC
	Mischung	n.fem	mixture	LRC
Italic
Latin:	admixtus	vb.ptc	mixed in	W7
	commisceo, commiscere, commiscui, commixtus	vb	to commix	W7
	immisceo, immiscere, immiscui, immixtus	vb	to immix	W7
	miscellaneus	adj	miscellaneous	W7
	miscellus	adj	mixed	W7
	misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtus	vb	to mix	W7
	mixtura	n.fem	mixture	W7
	promiscue	adv	promiscuously	LRC
	promiscuus	adj	promiscuous	W7
Vulgar Latin:	misculo, misculare	vb	to meddle	W7
Late Latin:	mixticius	adj	mixed	W7
Medieval Latin:	mixta	vb.ptc	mixed	W7
New Latin:	amphimixis	n.fem	blending	W7
	apomixis	n.fem	apomixis	W7
	miscibilis	adj	miscible	W7
Spanish:	mesta	n.fem	annual cattle roundup	W7
	mestengo	adj	stray horse	W7
	mesteño	adj	strayed	W7
	mestizo	adj.masc	mixed, re: person born to Spaniard and native Latin American	W7
Mexican Spanish:	mestengo	n.masc	mustang, untamed horse	W7
Old French:	medler	vb	to mix	W7
	meslee	n.fem	melee, battle	W7
	mesler	vb	to mix	W7
	misture	n.fem	mixture	W7
Middle French:	medlé	vb.ptc	mixed	W7
	medlee	n.fem	a mix	W7
	medler	vb	to mix	W7
	mélange	n.masc	melange	W7
	mesler/mêler	vb	to mix	W7
	mixte	adj	mixed	W7
	mixture	n.fem	mixture	W7
French:	mélange	n.masc	melange	W7
	mêlée	n.fem	melee, turmoil (esp. re: battle)	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	ameixía	n.fem	lack of intercourse	LRC
	mígnumi	vb	to mix, mingle	LRC
	mixis	n.fem	act of mixing	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
pfx	=	prefix
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next