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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 4. men- 'to diminish; small'

Semantic Field: Small, Little

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	munuc/munec	n.masc	monk	W7/ASD
Middle English:	monasterie	n	monastery	W7
	monk	n	monk	W7
	Monoceros	prop.n	Monoceros	AHD
English:	manometer	n	pressure gauge, instrument for measuring gas/vapor pressure	AHD/W7
	monad	n	one, unit	AHD/W7
	monadelphous	adj	re: stamens with all filaments united into single tubelike group	AHD
	monanthous	adj	bearing a single flower	AHD
	monastery	n	house for those under religious vows	AHD/W7
	monk	n	man in religious order who lives in monastery	AHD/W7
	mon(o)-	pfx	one, single	AHD
	Monoceros	prop.n	Unicorn (northern constellation)	AHD
	monomer	n	simple unpolymerized chemical compound	AHD/W7
	monopodium	n	(plant with) single main axis of growth	AHD
	monopsony	n	market with single buyer	AHD
	monotreme	n	primitive egg-laying mammal	AHD
	pseudomonad	n	rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium	AHD
W-Germanic
Old High German:	mengen	vb	to lack	W7
	munich	n	monk	ASD
German:	Mönch	n	monk	LRC
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	múnkr	n	monk	ASD
Italic
Late Latin:	monachus	n.masc	monk	W7
	monas, monadis	n.fem	monad	W7
	monasterium	n.neut	monastery	W7
French:	manomètre	n.masc	manometer	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	meñkas, menkà	adj	poor	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	manos	adj	sparse, loose, rare	W7
	monazw	vb	to live alone	W7
	monás	adj/n.fem	alone, solitary; a unit	LS
	monasterion	n.neut	hermit's cell	W7
	monachos	adj	single	W7
	mónon	adv	alone	LRC
	mónos	adj	alone, single	LRC
	moûnos	adj	alone, single	LRC
Late Greek:	monasterion	n.neut	monastery	W7
Armenian
Classical Armenian:	manuk	n	child	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
prop	=	proper
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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