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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: mendh- 'to direct attention to; vivacious'

Semantic Field: to Show

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	monstre	n	monster	W7
	mustren	vb	to show, muster	W7
English:	chrestomathy	n	passages selected to aid language learning	AHD/W7
	demonstrate	vb	to show clearly	AHD/W7
	mathematical	adj	re: mathematics (science of numbers)	AHD/W7
	mathematics	n	science of numbers	AHD/W7
	monster	n	prodigy	AHD/W7
	muster	vb	to enlist	AHD/W7
	polymath	n	someone with encyclopedic learning	AHD/W7
E-Germanic
Gothic:	mundon	vb.wk	to observe, pay attention to	W7/GED
Italic
Latin:	demonstro, demonstrare, demonstravi, demonstratus	vb	to show, point at	W7
	mathematicus	adj	mathematical	W7
	monstro, monstrare	vb	to show	W7
	monstrum	n.neut	monster, evil omen	W7
New Latin:	chrestomathia	n.fem	learning	W7
Old French:	monstrer	vb	to show	W7
Middle French:	monstre	n.masc	monster	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	máthêma, máthêmatos	n.neut	lesson; science, knowledge, mathematics	LS
	mathêmatikos	adj	mathematical; disposed to learn	LS
	mathêtês	n.masc	pupil, student, disciple	LS
	manthánô	vb	to learn, know, understand	LS
	polymathes	adj	very learned	W7
	chrestomatheia	n.fem	learning	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	medha	n	intelligence	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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