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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: mo-, mo-lo- 'to strain, trouble oneself'

Semantic Field: to Work, Toil

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	molesten	vb	to molest	W7
English:	demolish	vb.trans	to raze, tear down	AHD/W7
	mole	n	abnormal mass in uterus	AHD/W7
	molecule	n	smallest chemical part of element/compound	AHD/W7
	molest	vb.trans	to annoy, disturb	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	demolior, demoliri	vb	to demolish (a building)	W7
	moles	n.fem	mass, exertion	W7
	molesto, molestare	vb	to molest, annoy	W7
	molestus	adj	burdensome, annoying	W7
	molior, moliri	vb.dep	to construct	W7
New Latin:	molecula	n.fem	molecule	W7
Middle French:	molester	vb	to molest, annoy	W7
French:	démolir, demoliss-	vb	to demolish (a building)	W7
	môle	n.masc	mole	W7
	molécule	n.fem	molecule	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dep	=	deponent
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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