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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: og-, ug- 'to grow; fruit, berry'

Semantic Fields: to Grow; Fruit; Berry

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	æcern/æcirn	n.neut	fruit, acorn	W7/ASD
	iw	n	yew	W7
Middle English:	akern	n	acorn	W7
English:	acorn	n	oak nut	AHD/W7
	pyruvate	n	salt/ester of pyruvic acid	W7
	pyruvic	adj	re: liquid keto acid of metabolism	AHD/W7
	uvea	n	posterior pigmented iris layer	AHD/W7
	uvula	n	pendent fleshy lobe in soft palate	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Middle High German:	ackeran	n.pl	acorns	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	akarn	n.neut	acorn	ASD
Norwegian:	aakorn	n	acorn	ASD
Danish:	agern	n.neut	acorn	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	akran	n.str.neut	fruit	LRC
Italic
Latin:	uva	n.fem	vine, grape(s)	W7/CLD
Medieval Latin:	uvula	n.fem	grape, uvula	W7
Slavic
Russian:	yagoda	n	berry	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pl	=	plural (number)
str	=	strong (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CLD	=	Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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