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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: or-, ur- 'to call, speak, talk, orate'

Semantic Fields: to Call, Summon; to Speak, Talk

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	adouren	vb	to adore	AHD
	oracle	n	oracle	W7
	oratorie	n	oratory	W7
English:	adore	vb.trans	to worship/honor as divine	AHD/W7
	inexorable	adj	relentless, not moved/persuaded by entreaty	AHD/W7
	oracle	n	person through whom deity is held to speak	AHD/W7
	orate	vb	to harangue, speak in declamatory/grandiloquent manner	W7
	oration	n	elaborate discourse delivered in.formal/dignified manner	AHD/W7
	orator	n	plaintiff, petitioner, skilled public speaker	AHD/W7
	oratory	n	art of public speaking	AHD/W7
	oratory	n	place of prayer	AHD/W7
	perorate	vb.intrans	to declaim, deliver long/grandiloquent oration	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	adoro, adorare	vb	to adore	W7
	exorabilis	adj	pliant	W7
	exoro, exorare	vb	to prevail upon	W7
	inexorabilis	adj	inexorable	W7
	oraculum	n.neut	omen, prediction	W7
	oratio, orationis	n.fem	speech, oration	W7
	oratoria	n.fem	(art of) oratory	W7
	oratorius	adj	oratorical	W7
	oro, orare, oravi, oratus	vb	to pray, speak, orate	LRC
	peroro, perorare, peroravi, peroratus	vb	to declaim at length, wind up an oration	W7
Late Latin:	oratorium	n.neut	oratory	W7
Old French:	adourer	vb	to adore	AHD
Middle French:	adorer	vb	to adore	W7
	oracle	n.masc	oracle	W7
Slavic
Russian:	orat	vb	to yell, orate	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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