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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 1. ous- : uus- 'os, mouth'

Semantic Field: Mouth

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ora	n.masc	brass, border; Danish coin	W7/ASD
Middle English:	ussher	n	usher	W7
English:	Auriga	prop.n	winter constellation of northern sky	LRC
	inosculate	vb	to blend, unite by contact/apposition	AHD/W7
	oral	adj	spoken, uttered by mouth/in words	AHD/W7
	orinasal	adj	pronounced with oral/nasal passages open	AHD
	orotund	adj	pompous, bombastic, self-satisfied	AHD
	os	n	mouth, orifice	AHD/W7
	oscillate	vb.intrans	to vibrate, swing back and forth like pendulum	AHD/W7
	oscitancy	n	act of gaping/yawning	AHD
	osculate	vb.trans	to kiss	AHD/W7
	osculum	n	mouthlike opening in sponge	AHD
	ostiary	n	doorkeeper	AHD/W7
	ostium	n	mouthlike entrance/other opening	AHD/W7
	peroral	adj	occurring via mouth	AHD/W7
	usher	n	officer/servant at door of court/hall/chamber	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	Auriga	n.masc	the Charioteer	W7
	ora, orae	n.fem	mouth, coast, border, boundary	LRC
	os, oris	n.neut	mouth, face	LRC
	oscillo, oscillare, oscillavi, oscillatus	vb	to swing, oscillate	W7
	oscillum	n.neut	swing	W7
	osculor, osculari, osculatus	vb.dep	to kiss, osculate	W7
	osculum	n.neut	kiss	W7
	ostiarius	n.masc	doorkeeper	W7
	ostium, ostii	n.neut	mouth, door, entrance	LRC
	ustium	n.neut	door, mouth of river	W7
Vulgar Latin:	ustiarius	n.masc	doorkeeper	W7
New Latin:	ostium	n.neut	mouth-like opening	W7
Middle French:	ussier	n.masc	doorkeeper	W7
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	ustiti, usto, ustisi	vb	to exhort	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dep	=	deponent
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prop	=	proper
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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