The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: pek^u- 'to cook'

Semantic Field: to Cook

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Irish:	coca	n	cook	ASD
	cucann	n	kitchen	ASD
Cornish:	cegin/keghin	n.fem	kitchen	ASD
	cog	n.masc	cook	ASD
Welsh:	cegin	n.fem	kitchen	ASD
	cog	n	cook	ASD
English
Old English:	afigen	adj	fried	W7
	coc	n.masc	cook	ASD
	cycene/cicene	n.fem	kitchen	W7/ASD
	cyln	n	kiln	W7
Middle English:	bisquite	n	biscuit	W7
	cook	n	cook	W7
	kichene	n	kitchen	W7
	kilne	n	kiln	W7
	quiture	n	quittor	W7
English:	apricot	n	deciduous Asian tree with fleshy succulent fruit	AHD
	biscotto	n	biscuit, twice-baked cookie	AHD
	biscuit	n	hard/crisp dry baked product	AHD/W7
	concoct	vb.trans	to prepare (a meal) by combining crude materials	AHD/W7
	cook	n	one who cooks	AHD/W7
	cook	vb	to prepare food/meals	LRC
	cuisine	n	manner of preparing food	AHD/W7
	culinary	adj	re: kitchen/cookery	AHD/W7
	decoct	vb.trans	to extract flavor by boiling	AHD/W7
	drupe	n	one-seeded indehiscent fruit	AHD/W7
	dyspepsia	n	indigestion	AHD/W7
	kiln	n	oven/furnace for processing substance by firing/drying	AHD/W7
	kitchen	n	room/place with cooking facilities	AHD/W7
	pepo	n	many-seeded fruit of gourd family	AHD/W7
	pepsin	n	proteinase in stomach that digests proteins	AHD/W7
	peptic	adj	digestive, re: digestion	AHD/W7
	peptize	vb.trans	to create colloidal solution	AHD/W7
	peptone	n	water-soluble result of partial protein hydrolysis	AHD/W7
	precocious	adj	very early in development/occurrence	AHD/W7
	pukka	adj	authentic, genuine	AHD/W7
	pumpion	n	pumpkin	AHD/W7
	pumpkin	n	round yellow/orange gourd	AHD/W7
	quittor	n	purulent inflammation of feet (esp. in horses/asses)	AHD/W7
	ricotta	n	soft Italian cheese	AHD
British English:	peptise	vb.trans	to peptize	LRC
W-Germanic
Dutch:	abrikoos	n	apricot	TLL
	keuken	n.fem	kitchen	ASD
	kok	n.masc	cook	ASD
Old Saxon:	kok	n.masc	cook	ASD
Low German:	kokk	n	cook	ASD
Old High German:	chuhhina/kuchina	n.fem	kitchen	W7/ASD
	koch	n.masc	cook	ASD
Middle High German:	koch	n.masc	cook	ASD
	küche/kuche(n)	n.fem	kitchen	ASD
German:	Aprikose	n	apricot	TLL
	Koch	n.masc	cook	ASD
	Küche	n.fem	kitchen	ASD
	Pepsin	n.neut	pepsin	W7
	Pepton	n	peptone	W7
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	kock-hus	n	kitchen, lit. cook-house	ASD
	kokkr	n.masc	cook	ASD
Danish:	abrikos	n	apricot	TLL
	kjökken	n.neut	kitchen	ASD
	kok	n.masc/fem	cook	ASD
Swedish:	aprikos	n	apricot	TLL
	kock	n.masc	cook	ASD
	kök	n.neut	kitchen	ASD
Italic
Latin:	coctura	n.fem	act of cooking	W7
	coctus	vb.ptc	cooked	W7
	cocus/coquus	n.masc	cook, chef	ASD
	concoctus	vb.ptc	cooked together	W7
	concoquo, concoquere	vb	to cook together	W7
	coquo, coquere	vb	to cook	W7
	culina	n.fem	kitchen	W7
	culinarius	adj	re: kitchen/cooking	W7
	decoctus	vb.ptc	cooked	W7
	decoquo, decoquere	vb	to cook, boil, melt	W7
	drupa	n.fem	overripe olive	W7
	dyspepsia	n.fem	indigestion	W7
	pepo	n.masc	pepo, melon	W7
	pepticus	adj	peptic	W7
	praecox, praecocis	adj	precocious, early ripening	W7
Late Latin:	coquina	n.fem	kitchen	W7
Medieval Latin:	bis-coctus	adj	twice-cooked	AHD
New Latin:	drupa	n.fem	one-seeded indehiscent fruit	W7
Spanish:	cocina	n.fem	kitchen	ASD
Old French:	biscuit	n	biscuit	AHD
	quiture	n.fem	act of boiling	W7
Middle French:	bescuit	n.masc	twice-cooked bread	W7
	pain	n.masc	bread	W7
French:	abricot	n	apricot	LRC
	cuisine	n.fem	kitchen	W7
	pompon	n.masc	pumpion	W7
Italian:	albicocca	n	apricot	LRC
	biscotto	n.masc	biscotto	LRC
	cucina	n.fem	kitchen	ASD
	cuóco	n.masc	cook	ASD
Baltic
Lithuanian:	kepù	vb	to grind	LRC
	kukne	n	kitchen	ASD
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	kuchari	n	cook	ASD
	peko	vb	to grind	LRC
Russian:	kuchnja	n	kitchen	ASD
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	pépôn	adj	ripe, mellow; pet, dear; coward, weakling	LRC
	péssô	vb	to cook, bake; ripen; digest	LRC
Greek:	dryppa	n.fem	olive	W7
	dyspepsia	n.fem	indigestion	W7
	peptein	vb	to cook, digest	W7
	peptikos	adj	peptic	W7
	peptos	adj	cooked, digested	W7
	pepsis	n.fem	digestion	W7
Late Greek:	praikókion	n	apricot	LRC
Armenian
Armenian:	hac'	n	bread	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	pakva	adj	cooked; ripe, solid	W7
	pácanti	vb	to cook, fry	LRC
Hindi:	pakka	adj	cooked, ripe, solid	W7
Tocharian
Tocharian A:	päk-	vb	to cook, be cooked	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next