The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: rep- 'to grab, rip out, ravish'

Semantic Fields: to Grasp, Seize, Take Hold of; Rape, Violation

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	refsan/ræpsan	vb	to blame, reprove	W7
Middle English:	rapt	adj	rapt	W7
	rapyne	n	rapine	W7
	ravin	n	ravin	W7
	ravisshen	vb	to ravish	W7
	surreptitious	adj	surreptitious	W7
English:	erepsin	n	mixture of peptidases	AHD/W7
	rapacious	adj	excessively grasping/covetous	AHD/W7
	rapid	adj	swift, marked by fast rate	AHD/W7
	rapine	n	plunder, pillage	AHD/W7
	rapt	adj	lifted up/carried away	AHD/W7
	ravage	n	act/practice of plundering	AHD/W7
	raven	vb	to devour greedily	AHD/W7
	ravin	n	rapine, rapacity	AHD/W7
	ravish	vb.trans	to seize/take away by violence	AHD/W7
	subreption	n	deliberate misrepresentation	AHD/W7
	surreptitious	adj	clandestine, done/made/acquired by stealth	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	refsan	vb	to blame, reprove	ASD
Italic
Latin:	eripio, eripere	vb	to sweep away	W7
	rapax, rapacis	adj	greedy, rapacious	W7
	rapidus	adj	seizing, sweeping, rapid	W7
	rapina	n.fem	a robbing	W7
	rapio, rapere	vb	to rape, seize, abduct, ravish	W7
	raptus	vb.ptc	taken	W7
	subreptio	n.fem	act of stealing	W7
	subreptus	vb.ptc	stolen	W7
	subripio, subripere	vb	to steal	W7
	surrepticius	adj	surreptitious	W7
	surreptus	vb.ptc	having snatched secretly	W7
	surripio, surripere	vb	to snatch secretly	W7
Vulgar Latin:	rapire	vb	to rape, ravish	W7
Late Latin:	subreptio, subreptionis	n.fem	act of taking away secretly	W7
Old French:	ravir	vb	to ravish	ODE
Middle French:	ravine	n.fem	rapine	W7
	raviner	vb	to rush, take by force	W7
	raviss-	vb.stem	to ravish	W7
French:	ravage	n.fem	devastation	W7
Italian:	rapire	vb	to rape, ravish	ODE
Rumanian:	rapì	vb	to rape, ravish	ODE

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
ptc	=	participle
stem	=	stem
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
ODE	=	C.T. Onions: The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1966)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next